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Table 2 Comparison of immunological profiles in the three subtypes of achalasia

From: Plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23 in achalasia, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Biomarker

Achalasia Type 1 (n = 13)

Achalasia Type 2 (n = 32)

Achalasia Type 3 (n = 8)

P-valuea

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

IL-6

2.68 (1.8)

2.35 (2.7)

3.63 (2.4)

0.67

IL-12p70

1.44 (1.12)

1.5 (0.8)

1.6 (1.2)

0.79

IL-17

6.85 (6.3)

8.3 (5.6)

9.4 (3.4)

0.78

IL-22

12.8 (7.5)

11.8 (5.9)

13.6 (4.5)

0.47

IL-23

13.4 (14.7)

23.9 (13.5)

26.5 (11.1)

0.31

TNF-α

4.1 (0.8)

4.1 (1.3)

4 (1.6)

0.89

IFN-γ

5.6 (1.1)

5.6 (1.9)

4.5 (1.4)

0.29

  1. a - Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test to compare overall differences between groups