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Table 1 Comparison of citizens with and without altered liver enzymes

From: Prevalence of and risk factors for fatty liver in the general population of Northern Italy: the Bagnacavallo Study

 

ALE-

ALE+

p-value*

 

n = 1810

n = 349

 

Age (years)

49 (41–56)

47 (40–55)

0.03

Male sex

812 (44.9%)

267 (76.5%)

< 0.001

Weight (kg)

72.0 (61.0–82.0)

84.0 (74.0–95.0)

< 0.001

Height (m)

1.68 (1.60–1.74)

1.73 (1.67–1.79)

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

25.1 (22.6–28.1)

27.9 (25.4–30.9)

< 0.001

BMI class (NIH)

  

< 0.001

 Underweight

19 (1.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 

 Normal

871 (48.1%)

66 (18.9%)

 

 Overweight

607 (33.5%)

170 (48.7%)

 

 Obesity class 1

230 (12.7%)

81 (23.2%)

 

 Obesity class 2

65 (3.6%)

28 (8.0%)

 

 Obesity class 3

18 (1.0%)

4 (1.1%)

 

Fatty liver

637 (35.2%)

259 (74.2%)

< 0.001

Fatty liver degree

  

< 0.001

 Light

428 (67.2%)

107 (41.3%)

 

 Moderate

151 (23.7%)

102 (39.4%)

 

 Severe

58 (9.1%)

50 (19.3%)

 

Fatty liver type

  

< 0.001

 None

1173 (64.8%)

90 (25.8%)

 

 NAFLD

407 (22.5%)

160 (45.8%)

 

 AFLD

230 (12.7%)

99 (28.4%)

 

Waist circumference (cm)

100.0 (93.0–107.0)

105.0 (100.0–113.0)

< 0.001

Large waist circumference

1236 (68.3%)

259 (74.2%)

0.028

Glucose (mg/dl)

89 (83–96)

93 (87–102)

< 0.001

High fasting glucose

307 (17.0%)

109 (31.2%)

< 0.001

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

97 (68–139)

138 (98–206)

< 0.001

High triglycerides

405 (22.4%)

159 (45.6%)

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

207 (184–234)

215 (192–240)

0.005

HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

61 (51–73)

50 (44–61)

< 0.001

Low HDL

219 (12.1%)

64 (18.3%)

0.002

LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

126 (104–150)

138 (117–159)

< 0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

125 (120–140)

130 (120–140)

< 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

80 (80–90)

85 (80–90)

< 0.001

High blood pressure

1053 (58.2%)

270 (77.4%)

< 0.001

Metabolic syndrome

444 (24.5%)

171 (49.0%)

< 0.001

Metabolic syndrome score

  

< 0.001

 0

216 (11.9%)

19 (5.4%)

 

 1

595 (32.9%)

59 (16.9%)

 

 2

555 (30.7%)

100 (28.7%)

 

 3

294 (16.2%)

97 (27.8%)

 

 4

117 (6.5%)

59 (16.9%)

 

 5

33 (1.8%)

15 (4.3%)

 

ALT (U/l)

20 (15–26)

50 (44–63)

< 0.001

AST (U/l)

20 (18–24)

33 (29–41)

< 0.001

GGT (U/l)

17 (12–26)

42 (27–69)

< 0.001

Total bilirubin (mg/dl)

0.60 (0.40–0.81)

0.62 (0.49–0.90)

0.003

Alcohol intake (alcohol units/day)

2 (0–4)

3 (1–5)

< 0.001

Wine intake (alcohol units/day)

2 (0–2)

2 (1–3)

< 0.001

Beer intake (alcohol units/day)

0 (0–1)

0 (0–1)

0.52

Liquor intake (alcohol units/day)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–1)

< 0.001

  1. Values are given as median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and number (proportion) for dichotomous variables
  2. Abbreviations: ALE altered liver enzymes, BMI body mass index, NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, AFLD alcoholic fatty liver disease, NIH National Institutes of Health, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase
  3. *Median regression for continuous variables and Pearson’s Chi-square test for binary categorical variables