Table 2 Comparison of clinical characteristics between laparoscopic stapleless left lateral sectionectomy (LH) and open left lateral sectionectomy (OH) for hepatocellular carcinoma

Categorical variables

LH group ^a

(n = 18)

OH group

(n = 75)

p value

 Age (>  65 years (%))

9 (50.0)

27 (36.0)

0.293

 Gender (Male(%) / Female(%))

13(72.2) / 5(27.8)

56(74.7) / 19(25.3)

1.000

 Diabetes Mellitus (Yes (%))

6 (33.3)

18 (24.0)

0.549

 Hypertension (Yes (%))

7 (38.9)

23 (37.7)

1.000

 ESRD^b (Yes (%))

0 (0)

3 (4.0)

1.000

 Smoking (Yes (%))

4 (22.2)

13 (17.3)

0.735

 Alcohol (Yes (%))

7 (38.9)

14 (18.7)

0.112

 HBV surface antigen (Positive (%))

10 (55.6)

36 (48.0)

0.608

 Hepatitis C virus (Positive (%))

7 (38.9)

27 (36.0)

1.000

 Child-Pugh Classification (A(%) / B(%))

18(100) / 0(0)

72(97.3) / 2(2.7)

1.000

 Symptoms (Yes (%))

0 (0)

19 (25.3)

0.019

 ICG-15 (>  10% (%))

8 (44.4)

23 (31.9)

0.407

 Preoperative α-fetoprotein (> 15 ng/mL (%))

8 (44.4)

33 (44.0)

1.000

Continuous variables ^c

LH group ^a

(n = 18)

OH group

(n = 75)

p value

 Age (years)

60.2 ± 3.24

61.4 ± 1.32

0.707

 BMI (kg/m²)

25.7 ± 1.00

25.3 ± 0.42

0.704

 ICG-15 (%)

10.4 ± 1.90

10.5 ± 1.25

0.970

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

13.3 ± 0.51

13.3 ± 0.25

0.998

 Albumin (g/dL)

4.0 ± 0.11

4.1 ± 0.06

0.423

 Bilirubin total (mg/dL)

0.54 ± 0.06

0.72 ± 0.05

0.122

 Preoperative α-fetoprotein (ng/mL)

1496.4 ± 1356.6

1147.4 ± 42.5

0.748