From: Risk factor for steatorrhea in pediatric chronic pancreatitis patients
Items | Overall (n = 2153) n (%) | Pediatrics (n = 291) n (%) | Adults (n = 1862) n (%) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (male) | 1486 (69.0%) | 143 (49.1%) | 1343 (72.1%) | < 0.001 |
Age at the onset of CP, ya | 38.230 ± 16.606 | 11.622 ± 4.652 | 42.388 ± 13.692 | < 0.001 |
Age at the diagnosis of CP, ya | 43.077 ± 15.548 | 19.727 ± 8.953 | 46.727 ± 12.980 | < 0.001 |
Smoking history | 723 (33.6%) | 16 (5.5%) | 707 (38.0%) | < 0.001 |
Alcohol consumption | – | – | – | < 0.001 |
 0 g/d | 1426 (66.2%) | 272 (93.5%) | 1154 (62.0%) | – |
 0-20 g/d | 70 (3.3%) | 8 (2.7%) | 62 (3.3%) | – |
 20-80 g/d | 237 (11.0%) | 8 (2.7%) | 229 (12.3%) | – |
  > 80 g/d | 420 (19.5%) | 3 (1.0%) | 417 (22.4%) | – |
Body mass indexa | 20.894 ± 3.354 | 19.380 ± 3.362 | 24.696 ± 88.765 | 0.338 |
Etiology | – | – | – | < 0.001 |
 ICP | 1633 (75.8%) | 248 (85.2%) | 1385 (74.4%) | – |
 ACP | 404 (18.8%) | 2 (0.7%) | 402 (21.6%) | – |
 Abnormal anatomy of pancreatic duct | 64 (3.0%) | 24 (8.2%) | 40 (2.1%) | – |
 HCP | 30 (1.4%) | 12 (4.1%) | 18 (1.0%) | – |
 Post-traumatic CP | 10 (0.5%) | 3 (1.0%) | 7 (0.4%) | – |
 Hyperlipidemic CP | 12 (0.6%) | 2 (0.7%) | 10 (0.5%) | – |
Initial manifestations | – | – | – | < 0.001 |
 Abdominal pain | 1796 (83.4%) | 280 (96.2%) | 1516 (81.4%) | – |
 Endocrine/Exocrine dysfunction | 218 (10.1%) | 9 (3.1%) | 209 (11.2%) | – |
 Others | 139 (6.5%) | 2 (0.7%) | 137 (7.4%) | – |
Pancreatic stonesb | 1627 (75.6%) | 269 (92.4%) | 1358 (72.9%) | < 0.001 |
 Age at pancreatic stones diagnosis | 41.415 ± 15.323 | 20.443 ± 8.547 | 45.569 ± 12.746 | < 0.001 |
 Time between onset and pancreatic stone | 5.762 ± 7.144 | 8.829 ± 9.174 | 5.154 ± 6.504 | < 0.001 |
DM | 616 (28.6%) | 38 (13.1%) | 578 (31.0%) | < 0.001 |
 Age at DM diagnosisa | 45.848 ± 11.812 | 28.578 ± 11.965 | 46.984 ± 10.890 | < 0.001 |
 Time between onset and DMa | 5.136 ± 7.276 | 16.617 ± 13.447 | 4.381 ± 5.964 | < 0.001 |
Steatorrhea | 493 (22.9%) | 46 (15.8%) | 447 (24.0%) | 0.002 |
 Age at steatorrhea diagnosisa | 42.563 ± 12.555 | 25.880 ± 9.358 | 44.279 ± 11.549 | < 0.001 |
 Time between onset and steatorrheaa | 5.245 ± 8.485 | 13.929 ± 10.562 | 4.351 ± 7.719 | < 0.001 |
Pancreatic pseudocyst | 350 (16.3%) | 30 (10.3%) | 320 (17.2%) | 0.003 |
 Age at pancreatic pseudocyst diagnosisa | 45.776 ± 15.077 | 16.232 ± 7.210 | 48.589 ± 12.365 | < 0.001 |
 Time between onset and pancreatic pseudocysta | 4.989 ± 6.954 | 5.640 ± 5.828 | 4.927 ± 7.058 | 0.605 |
Biliary stricture | 340 (15.8%) | 19 (6.5%) | 321 (17.2%) | < 0.001 |
 Age at biliary stricture diagnosisa | 51.218 ± 13.169 | 31.548 ± 13.686 | 52.382 ± 12.200 | < 0.001 |
 Time between onset and biliary stricturea | 5.592 ± 8.637 | 21.197 ± 17.565 | 4.668 ± 6.809 | 0.001 |
Pancreatic cancer | 21 (1.0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 20 (1.1%) | 0.238 |
Death | 70 (3.3%) | 2 (0.7%) | 68 (3.7%) | 0.008 |
Morphology of MPD | – | – | – | < 0.001 |
 Pancreatic stone alone | 590 (27.4%) | 95 (32.6%) | 495 (26.6%) | – |
 MPD stenosis alone | 598 (27.8%) | 57 (19.6%) | 541 (29.1%) | – |
 MPD stenosis and stone | 728 (33.8%) | 128 (44.0%) | 600 (32.2%) | – |
 Complex pathologic changes | 237 (11.0%) | 11 (3.8%) | 226 (12.1%) | – |
Type of pain | – | – | – | < 0.001 |
 Recurrent acute pancreatitis | 681 (31.6%) | 102 (35.1%) | 579 (31.3%) | – |
 Recurrent pain | 638 (29.6%) | 65 (22.3%) | 573 (30.8%) | – |
 Recurrent acute pancreatitis and pain | 570 (26.5%) | 106 (36.4%) | 464 (24.9%) | – |
 Chronic pain | 106 (4.9%) | 14 (4.8%) | 92 (4.9%) | – |
 Without pain | 158 (7.3%) | 4 (1.4%) | 154 (8.3%) | – |
Severe acute pancreatitis | 66 (3.1%) | 7 (2.4%) | 59 (3.2%) | 0.482 |
Pancreatic duct successful drainagec | 1930 (89.6%) | 255 (87.6%) | 1675 (90.0%) | 0.216 |
Overall treatment | – | – | – | < 0.001 |
 Endotherapy alone | 1505 (69.9%) | 247 (84.9%) | 1258 (67.6%) | – |
 Surgery alone | 244 (11.3%) | 10 (3.4%) | 234 (12.6%) | – |
 Both endotherapy and surgery | 181 (8.4%) | 20 (6.9%) | 161 (8.6%) | – |
 Conservative treatment | 223 (10.4%) | 14 (4.8%) | 209 (11.2%) | – |
DM in first−/second−/third-degree relatives | 135 (6.3%) | 38 (13.1%) | 97 (5.2%) | < 0.001 |
Pancreatic diseases in first−/second−/third-degree relatives (excluding hereditary CP) | 37 (1.7%) | 15 (5.2%) | 22 (1.2%) | < 0.001 |