Table 3 Predictors of development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with NAFLD

 Gender

Male

Female

(0.03–1.97)

 Age

< 70 y

≥70 y

(3.74–92.6)

(1.63–55.9)

 Body mass index

< 25.0 kg/m²

≥25.0 kg/m²

(0.11–1.88)

 Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Absence

Presence

(0.95–14.0)

 Hypertension

Absence

Presence

(0.28–3.95)

 Hyperlipidemia

Absence

Presence

(0.05–2.91)

 Steatosis

5–33%

> 33%

(0.10–1.63)

 Lobular inflammation

< 2 foci per 200× field

≥2 foci per 200× field

(0.04–2.50)

 Ballooning

None / Few cells

Many cells

(0.05–3.84)

 Stage

0–3

4

(7.14–161)

(1.29–39.5)

 NAFLD activity score

< 5

≥5

(0.02–1.50)

 Diagnosis according to FLIP algorithm

non-NASH

NASH

(0.17–10.8)

 Serum aspartate aminotransferase

< 2 × ULN IU/l

≥2 × ULN IU/l

(0.73–10.2)

 Serum alanine aminotransferase

< 2 × ULN IU/l

≥2 × ULN IU/l

(0.22–3.22)

 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase

< 110 IU/l

≥110 IU/l

(0.34–4.86)

 Platelet count

< 200 × 10³/mm³

≥200 × 10³/mm³

(0.01–0.50)

(0.01–1.33)

 Fasting plasma glucose

< 110 mg/dl

≥110 mg/dl

(0.85–15.3)

 HbA1c

< 5.8%

≥5.8%

(0.01–634,349)

 Uric acid

< 7.1 mg/dl

≥7.1 mg/dl

(0.00–21.0)

 Total cholesterol

< 200 mg/dl

≥200 mg/dl

(0.04–0.87)

 Triglycerides

< 150 mg/dl

≥150 mg/dl

(0.09–2.28)

 High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

< 41 mg/dl

≥41 mg/dl

(0.15–2.25)

 Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

< 136 mg/dl

≥136 mg/dl

(0.03–2.06)

 Serum ferritin

< 81 μg/l

≥81 μg/l

(0.14–3.61)

 High sensitive C-reactive protein

< 0.2 mg/dl

≥0.2 mg/dl

(0.11–10.0)

 Alpha-fetoprotein

< 5 μg/l

≥5 μg/l

(1.44–35.6)

(0.84–23.4)

 PIVKA-II

< 21 AU/l

≥21 AU/l

(0.06–4.05)