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Table 1 Demographic and biochemical characteristics of the study participants (N = 463)
| Variable | Macrocytic anemia | Normocytic anemia | Microcytic anemia | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects | 123 | 304 | 36 | |
| Mean corpuscular volume, fL | 102.7 ± 2.6 | 91.2 ± 5.1† | 74.2 ± 4.6†¥ | < 0.001 |
| Age, years | 56.1 ± 7.6 | 53.9 ± 7.1† | 51.8 ± 6.2† | 0.002 |
| Male, n(%) | 78(63.4) | 191(62.8) | 25(69.4) | 0.738 |
| Drinking, n(%) | 24(19.5) | 74(24.3) | 13(36.1) | 0.118 |
| Smoking, n(%) | 48(39.0) | 107(35.2) | 15(41.7) | 0.618 |
| Diabetes, n(%) | 10(8.1) | 39(12.8) | 9(25.0) † | 0.026 |
| Hypertension, n(%) | 14(11.3) | 36(11.8) | 4(11.1) | 0.985 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | ||||
| > 90 | 97(78.9) | 230(75.7) | 10(27.8)†¥ | < 0.001 |
| 60–90 | 21(17.1) | 63(20.7) | 20(55.6)†¥ | < 0.001 |
| < 60 | 5(4.1) | 11(3.6) | 6(16.7)†¥ | 0.002 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.9† | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 0.012 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 117.9 ± 17.6 | 117.8 ± 15.2 | 113.8 ± 13.8 | 0.350 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 72.6 ± 11.7 | 73.4 ± 10.0 | 70.9 ± 8.6 | 0.354 |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 3.4 ± 3.4 | 2.6 ± 3.2† | 1.8 ± 3.4† | 0.011 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.147 |
| INR | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.4† | 1.3 ± 0.1† | 0.006 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 123.6 ± 54.5 | 126.9 ± 43.4 | 130.3 ± 39.1 | 0.686 |
| Albumin | 27.0 ± 4.7 | 29.1 ± 4.7† | 31.7 ± 4.8†¥ | < 0.001 |
| AST | 78.3 ± 147.3 | 84.2 ± 196.6 | 41.7 ± 39.5 | 0.394 |
| ALT | 45.3 ± 42.4 | 59.4 ± 114.3 | 29.3 ± 31.8 | 0.113 |
| ALP | 122.9 ± 55.5 | 106.4 ± 61.1† | 85.2 ± 32.7† | 0.001 |
| MELD score | 10.8 ± 6.6 | 8.0 ± 5.5† | 6.3 ± 5.1† | < 0.001 |
| Complications, n(%) | ||||
| UGB | 6(4.9) | 34(11.2) | 5(13.9) | 0.093 |
| SBP | 36(29.3) | 75(24.7)† | 3(8.3)† | 0.037 |
| HE | 14(11.4) | 22(7.2) | 3(8.3) | 0.377 |
