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Table 3 Symptoms associated to constipation

From: Epidemiology of Paediatric constipation in Indonesia and its association with exposure to stressful life events

Symptoms

Groups

Constipation versus controls

Constipation, n(%)

Controls, n(%)

OR (95% CI)

p value*

Abdominal pain

210 (64)

636 (43.3)

2.33 (1.82–2.98)

< 0.0001

Nausea

1 (0.3)

9 (0.6)

0.49 (0.06–3.93)

0.7**

Vomiting

14 (4.3)

36 (2.5)

1.77 (0.95–3.33)

0.07

Loss of appetite

97 (29.7)

320 (21.8)

1.51 (1.16–1.97)

0.002

Straining

75 (22.9)

93 (6.3)

4.38 (3.14–6.11)

< 0.0001

  1. *Chi-squared test and **Fisher’s Exact test