Table 1 The baseline characteristics of the patients enrolled in this study
From: Tolvaptan treatment improves survival of cirrhotic patients with ascites and hyponatremia
Index | Tolvaptan (n = 169) | Placebo (n = 61) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean ± SD) | 54.6 ± 8.58 | 51.6 ± 10.71 | 0.03 |
Gender (F/M) | 33/136 | 12/49 | 0.98 |
Etiology of cirrhosis (n,%) | |||
Hepatitis B | 102 (60.3) | 41 (67.3) | 0.03 |
Hepatitis C | 9 (5.3) | 3 (4.9) | |
Alcohol liver disease | 33 (19.5) | 11 (18.0) | |
PBC | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | |
Mixeda | 13 (7.7) | 5 (8.2) | |
Cryptogenic | 4 (2.4) | 0 (0) | |
Othersb | 6 (3.6) | 1 (1.6) | |
Child-Pugh grade (n, %) | |||
A (5–6) | 2 (1.2) | 1 (1.6) | 0.36 |
B (7–9) | 113 (66.8) | 45 (73.8) | |
C (10–15) | 54 (32.0) | 15 (24.6) | |
Edema of lower limbs (n, %) | |||
No | 123 (72.8) | 43 (70.5) | 0.86 |
Yes | 46 (27.2) | 18 (29.5) | |
Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 0.56 | ||
Median | 135.8 | 135.0 | |
(Min, Max) | (117.2, 146.3) | (124.8, 142.7) | |
Normal serum sodium (n, %) (≥ 135 and < 150 mmol/L) | 100 (59.2) | 32 (52.5) | |
Mild hyponatremia (n, %) (≥ 130 and < 135 mmol/L) | 44 (26.0) | 21 (34.4) | |
Middle hyponatremia (n, %) (≥ 125 and < 130 mmol/L) | 19 (11.2) | 7 (11.5) | |
Severe hyponatremia (n, %) (< 125 mmol/L) | 6 (3.6) | 1 (1.6) | |
Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 0.98 |
Serum urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 5.3 ± 0.8 | 5.6 ± 0.8 | 0.93 |