Table 5 Summary of 20 studies on the fecal carriage of E. coli in community children from different countries
From: Fecal carriage of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli by community children in southern Taiwan
Country (published years) | First author | Study population | Setting | Sample size | Prevalence of resistance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Houston, Tex USA (1987) [23] | Reves RR | Children | Cross-section, day-care centers | 79 | trimethoprim: 37%; ampicillin: 70% |
Bolivia (1998) [24] | Bartoloni A | aged 6–72 months | healthy children; community-based | 296 | Ampicillin: 97% TMP/SMX: 94%, Cephalothin:10% Tetracycline: 92% Ciprofloxacin: 0% |
Shanghai, China (1998) [25] | Zhang XL | Group A: Children of 5–6 years Group B: Children of 10–11 years | A: Nursery school B: Primary school | A: 30 B: 54 | A: Ampicillin: 93.3% Trimethoprim: 100% Ciprofloxacin: 43.3% B: Ampicillin: 100% Trimethoprim: 100% Ciprofloxacin: 53.7% |
Mexican (2003) [26] | Zaidi MB | healthy children (1 month to 12 years) | day care centers or kindergartens | 276 | nalidixic acid: 54% ciprofloxacin: 18.5% |
Bolivia and Peru (2006) [27] | Bartoloni A | children (aged 6 to 72 months) | Health children in four urban area | 3174 | Ampicillin: 95%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: 94% nalidixic acid: 35% gentamicin: 21% ciprofloxacin: 18% ceftriaxone: 0.1% amikacin: 0.1% |
Germany (2007) [28] | Lietzau S | children aged 6 months to 4 years | regular health screening or an acute infection | 884 | Ampicillin: 16.6% amoxicillineclavulanic acid: 8% cotrimoxazole: 8.7% Nalidixic acid: 2.0% Levofloxacin: 0.4% |
India (2009) [29] | Seidman JC | aged 5–10 years | primary school children | 119 | Cefazoline: 6.7% (8/119) ampicillin: 38.7% (46/119) cotrimoxazole: 37.0% (44/119) Ciprofloxacin: 12.6% (15/119) Cefotaxime: 4.2% (5/119) |
Senegal (2009) [30] | Ruppé E | aged 1 to 11 years | healthy children | 20 | ESBL-producing: 10% |
Portugal (2009) [31] | Guimaraes B | Aged 1 to 14 years | healthy children | 112 | ESBL-positive: 2.7% |
Vietnam (2012) [32] | Dyar OJ | child aged 6–60 months | rural children (1% with diarrhea) | 818 | Ampicillin: 65% co-trimoxazole: 68% ciprofloxacin: < 1% |
Guinea-Bissau (2012) [33] | Isendahl J | children < 5 years of age | fever or tachycardia attending a pediatric emergency ward | 408 | ESBL-producing E coli: 20.34% (83/408) |
Sweden (2013) [34] | Kaarme J | Children (range 11–66 months) 66 months | preschool | 313 | ESBL-producing E coli: 2.6% (8/313) |
Libyan (2014) [35] | Ahmed SF | children aged from 3 to 12 years | Diarrhea attending outpatient clinics | 134 | Ampicillin: 78.4% Amoxicillin/Clavulanic: 64.2% TMP/SMZ: 61.9% Cefotaxime: 20.2% Ciprofloxacin: 5.2% ESBL-producing E coli: 13.4% (18/134) |
France (2014) [36] | Blanc V | Children (3 and 40 months) | Day-care center | 419 | ESBL-producing E coli: 6.4% |
Spain (2014) [37] | Fernández-Reyes M | children at the ages of 8, 12, and 16 months | healthy children in the community | 125 | ESBL-producing E coli: 24% of 125 children and 10.7% of the 318 fecal samples |
Lao People’s Democratic Republic (2015) [38] | Stoesser N | children ≤6 years of age | preschool childcare facilities | 397 | ESBL-producing E coli: 19.65% (78/397) Amoxicillin/clavulanate: 10.33% (41/397) Co-trimoxazole: 14.61% (58/397) Cefotaxime: 19.4% (77/397) Ofloxacin: 3.78% (15/397) |