Fig. 1

Four types of PV/SMV invasion for pancreatic head cancer. Different reconstruction modality for different type of vascular invasion was presented. a Tumor contacted with the PV/SMV of ≤90°, and partial venous excision with direct closure was performed; b-d Segmental PV/SMV (including superior mesenteric-portal-splenic vein confluence in figure c, and both superior mesenteric-portal-splenic vein confluence and partial first jejunal branch in figure d) resection with reconstruction using allogeneic vein was performed: b Tumor contacted with the PV/SMV of > 90° and the length of invasion was > 2 cm. c Superior mesenteric-portal-splenic vein confluence was involved; d Both of superior mesenteric-portal-splenic vein confluence and branches of superior mesenteric vein (first jejunal branch) were involved