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Table 3 Factors related to GERD development as the outcome variable by univariate analysis and multiple regression analysis (N = 505)

From: Dietary habits and obesity indices in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease: a comparative cross-sectional study

Variable

B

Univariate OR

Adjusted OR

 

95% CI

 

95% CI

OR

Lower

Upper

OR

Lower

Upper

Age (years)

  < 35a

−0.30

1

 

1

 

  ≥ 35

1.17

0.82

1.67

0.734

0.466

1.15

Gender

 Mena

0.02

1

 

1

 

 Women

1.45

0.99

2.13

1.02

0.53

1.97

Marital status

 Singlea

0.19

1

 

1

 

 Married

1.57*

1.04

2.36

1.21

0.75

1.97

Education (years)

  < 12 years schoolinga

−0.59

1

 

1

 

  ≥ 12 years schooling

0.53*

0.36

0.77

0.55*

0.33

0.91

Job

 Unemployeda

 

1

 

1

 

 Self-employed

0.07

0.77

0.49

1.22

1.08

0.52

2.22

 Employee

0.19

0.72

0.43

1.20

1.21

0.57

2.53

Smoking or substance abuse

 Noa

0.33

1

 

1

 

 Yes

1.21

0.70

2.10

1.40

0.76

2.56

Physical activity (h/wk)

  < 2a

−0.38

1

 

1

 

  ≥ 2

0.53*

0.30

0.94

0.67

0.34

1.32

BMI (kg/m2)

  < 30a

0.27

1

 

1

 

  ≥ 30

1.77*

1.11

2.81

1.32

0.76

2.29

WC (cm)

 Men <102; Women <88a

0.63

1

 

1

 

 Men ≥102; Women ≥88

2.09*

1.46

3.01

1.89*

1.18

3.01

Numbers of meals consumed daily (meals/d)

  < 3a

−0.16

1

 

1

 

  ≥ 3

0.91

0.63

1.31

0.85

0.56

1.27

Time interval between the last meal and sleep (hours)

  < 2a

−0.16

1

 

1

 

  ≥ 2

0.80

0.56

1.15

0.84

0.57

1.24

Resting immediately after the main meals

 Noa

0.004

1

 

1

 

 Yes

0.89

0.61

1.30

1.004

0.66

1.51

Large portion-size meals (times/wk)

  < 2a

0.32

1

 

1

 

  ≥ 2

1.39

0.97

1.98

1.38

0.94

2.04

Fast foods intake (times/wk)

  < 2a

−0.13

1

 

1

 

  ≥ 2

0.71

0.36

1.39

0.87

0.42

1.82

Spicy foods intake (times/wk)

  < 2a

−0.02

1

 

1

 

  ≥ 2

1.03

0.72

1.46

0.97

0.66

1.45

Chocolate intake (times/wk)

  < 2a

0.19

1

 

1

 

  ≥ 2

1.14

0.79

1.65

1.21

0.80

1.82

Tea intake

 Nonea

 

1

 

1

 

 Just before meals

0.14

1.43

0.68

3.02

1.16

0.51

2.60

 Just after meals

−0.15

0.97

0.46

2.06

0.85

0.37

1.94

 Between meals

−0.03

1.17

0.59

2.31

0.96

0.45

2.04

Coffee intake

 Nonea

 

1

 

1

 

 Just before/ after meals

−0.53

0.37

0.11

1.25

0.58

0.15

2.18

 Between meals

−0.19

0.66

0.26

1.67

0.82

0.29

2.3

Citrus intake

 Nonea

 

1

 

1

 

 Just before/after meals

0.35

0.98

0.55

1.76

1.42

0.73

2.76

 Between meals

0.80

1.69*

1.04

2.73

2.22*

1.30

3.81

Carbonated drinks intake

 Nonea

 

1

 

1

 

 Within meals

−0.07

0.95

0.65

1.38

0.92

0.61

1.39

 Between meals

−0.57

0.56

0.31

1.03

0.56

0.28

1.10

  1. BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. aReference group. *Significant at the level of p < 0.05
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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