Dietary habits and obesity indices in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease: a comparative cross-sectional study

Table 1 The association between socio-demographic factors and obesity indices with GERD in study participants

Variable	Total N = 505		GERD N = 285		Non- GERD N = 220		P-value*
Variable	N	%	N	%	N	%	P-value*
Age (years)
< 35	292	57.8	160	56.1	132	60	0.38
≥ 35	213	42.2	125	43.9	88	40	0.38
Gender
Men	156	30.9	78	27.4	78	35.5	0.051
Women	349	69.1	207	72.6	142	64.5	0.051
Marital status
Single	123	24.4	59	20.7	64	29.1	0.02**
Married	382	75.6	226	79.3	156	70.9	0.02**
Education (years)
< 12 years schooling	328	65	203	71.2	125	56.8	0.001**
≥ 12 years schooling	177	35	82	28.8	95	43.2	0.001**
Job
Unemployed	337	66.7	198	69.5	139	63.2	0.32
Self-employed	97	19.2	51	17.9	46	20.9
Employee	71	14.1	36	12.6	35	15.9
Smoking or substance abuse
Yes	61	12.1	37	13.0	24	10.9	0.47
No	444	87.9	248	87.0	196	89.1	0.47
Physical activity (hours/wk)
< 2	451	89.3	262	91.9	189	85.9	0.03**
≥ 2	54	10.7	23	8.1	31	14.1	0.03**
Concomitant diseases ^a
Yes	165	32.7	111	38.9	54	24.5	0.001**
No	340	67.3	174	61.1	166	75.5	0.001**
BMI
< 30	407	80.6	219	76.8	188	85.5	0.01**
≥ 30	98	19.4	66	23.2	32	14.5	0.01**
WC (cm)
Men <102; Women <88	272	53.9	131	46.0	141	64.1	<0.001**
Men ≥102; Women ≥88	233	46.1	154	54.0	79	35.9	<0.001**

BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference. ^aConcomitant diseases, including asthma, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease and/or chronic artery disease. *p-values was derived from Chi-square test. **Significant at the level of p< 0.05

ISSN: 1471-230X