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Table 6 Selected Western studies of core constipation symptoms

From: Frequency patterns of core constipation symptoms among the Asian adults: a systematic review

Reference/ Country

Sample /Age

Settings

Study design

Sampling

Sample size (response rate)

Diagnostic criteria

Neri et al. (2016), Italy

Chronic constipation patient, mean age 50.1 (SD, 16.7)

39 Italian referral centers for gastrointestinal disorders

Cross-sectional

Purposive

2203

Rome III

Enck et al. (2016), German

Household adults, mean age 51.3 (SD, 0.6)

Telephone registry

Cross-sectional

RLD

589 (56.8%)

Rome III

Neri et al. (2014), Italy

Chronic constipation patient, mean age 50.3 (SD: 16.6)

39 Italian referral centers for gastrointestinal disorders

Cross-sectional

Purposive

856

Rome III

Ford et al. (2014), Canada

Referral patients, ≥16 years old

2 GI outpatient clinics of two hospitals

Cross-sectional

Purposive

3656 (86.6%) 343 FC 175 IBS-C

Rome III

Bellini et al. (2013), Italy

Chronic constipation patient, ≥18 years old

Primary care settings in Province Pisa represented by 41 GPs.

Cross-sectional

Stratified cluster

229 147 FC 50 IBS-C 32 SPC

Rome III

Johanson & Kralstein (2007), USA

Adults, ≥18 years old

Membership in the Knowledge Networks Panel

Cross-sectional

Purposive

557

Rome II

Pare et al. (2001), Canada

Household members, ≥18 years old

5 regions

Cross-sectional

Stratified random

1149 (57%)

Rome II

  1. FC functional constipation, GP grand practitioners, RLD Random last digit, GI gastrointestinal, SD standard deviation