Table 1 Characteristics of the study patients before and after propensity score matching
Before matching | After matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Treated cohort (n = 1684) | Untreated cohort (n = 8188) | P-value | Treated cohort (n = 1531) | Untreated cohort (n = 1531) | P-value |
Characteristic and comorbidity | ||||||
Gender | <0.001 | 0.476 | ||||
Male | 1090 (64.7) | 4359 (53.2) | 978 (63.9) | 959 (62.6) | ||
Female | 594 (35.3) | 3829 (46.8) | 553 (36.1) | 572 (37.4) | ||
Age in years | 57.7 ± 10.2 | 60.5 ± 11.8 | <0.001 | 58.1 ± 10.2 | 58.4 ± 11.6 | 0.406 |
Age group | <0.001 | 0.603 | ||||
20 ~ 40 years | 97 (5.8) | 468 (5.7) | 88 (5.7) | 88 (5.7) | ||
40 ~ 60 years | 852 (50.6) | 3225 (39.4) | 747 (48.8) | 720 (47.0) | ||
60 ~ 80 years | 735 (43.6) | 4495 (54.9) | 696 (45.5) | 723 (47.2) | ||
Income, NTD per month | <0.001 | 0.849 | ||||
< 10,000 | 290 (17.2) | 1980 (24.2) | 282 (18.4) | 302 (19.7) | ||
10,000 ~ 19,999 | 112 (6.7) | 600 (7.3) | 105 (6.9) | 100 (6.5) | ||
20,000 ~ 29,999 | 768 (45.6) | 3679 (44.9) | 704 (46.0) | 680 (44.4) | ||
30,000 ~ 39,999 | 199 (11.8) | 678 (8.3) | 168 (11.0) | 168 (11.0) | ||
≥ 40,000 | 315 (18.7) | 1251 (15.3) | 272 (17.8) | 281 (18.4) | ||
Urbanization level | 0.249 | 0.713 | ||||
1, most urbanized | 382 (22.7) | 1711 (20.9) | 338 (22.1) | 344 (22.5) | ||
2 | 481 (28.6) | 2280 (27.8) | 441 (28.8) | 430 (28.1) | ||
3 | 537 (31.9) | 2758 (33.7) | 495 (32.3) | 518 (33.8) | ||
4, least urbanized | 284 (16.9) | 1439 (17.6) | 257 (16.8) | 239 (15.6) | ||
Hospital levels | <0.001 | 0.942 | ||||
Medical center | 590 (35.0) | 1779 (21.7) | 528 (34.5) | 523 (34.2) | ||
Region hospital | 814 (48.3) | 2706 (33.0) | 725 (47.4) | 731 (47.7) | ||
District hospital | 174 (10.3) | 1892 (23.1) | 172 (11.2) | 178 (11.6) | ||
Clinics | 106 (6.3) | 1811 (22.1) | 106 (6.9) | 99 (6.5) | ||
Medical history | ||||||
Diabetes mellitus | 717 (42.6) | 2913 (35.6) | <0.001 | 644 (42.1) | 651 (42.5) | 0.798 |
Hypertension | 1004 (59.6) | 4479 (54.7) | <0.001 | 915 (59.8) | 914 (59.7) | 0.971 |
Dyslipidemia | 203 (12.1) | 1179 (14.4) | 0.012 | 191 (12.5) | 191 (12.5) | 1.000 |
Liver cirrhosis | 187 (11.1) | 566 (6.9) | <0.001 | 161 (10.5) | 179 (11.7) | 0.301 |
COPD | 78 (4.6) | 544 (6.6) | 0.002 | 74 (4.8) | 87 (5.7) | 0.293 |
PAD | 42 (2.5) | 262 (3.2) | 0.127 | 39 (2.5) | 46 (3.0) | 0.441 |
Thyroid disease | 42 (2.5) | 132 (1.6) | 0.012 | 32 (2.1) | 37 (2.4) | 0.543 |
On dialysis | 253 (15.0) | 3102 (37.9) | <0.001 | 251 (16.4) | 228 (14.9) | 0.469 |
Medication | ||||||
Anti-platelet agents | 251 (14.9) | 1458 (17.8) | 0.004 | 235 (15.3) | 237 (15.5) | 0.920 |
Oral hypoglycemia agents | 592 (35.2) | 2136 (26.1) | <0.001 | 529 (34.6) | 535 (34.9) | 0.820 |
Insulin | 202 (12.0) | 986 (12.0) | 0.957 | 189 (12.3) | 193 (12.6) | 0.827 |
Statin | 113 (6.7) | 909 (11.1) | <0.001 | 111 (7.3) | 116 (7.6) | 0.730 |
NSAID | 661 (39.3) | 3502 (42.8) | 0.008 | 609 (39.8) | 597 (39.0) | 0.657 |
COX-II inhibitors | 90 (5.3) | 767 (9.4) | <0.001 | 88 (5.7) | 88 (5.7) | 1.000 |
Beta blockers | 416 (24.7) | 2060 (25.2) | 0.694 | 386 (25.2) | 397 (25.9) | 0.649 |
Diuretics | 93 (5.5) | 934 (11.4) | <0.001 | 93 (6.1) | 100 (6.5) | 0.603 |
Spironolactone | 32 (1.9) | 217 (2.7) | 0.074 | 32 (2.1) | 41 (2.7) | 0.286 |
Steroid | 156 (9.3) | 897 (11.0) | 0.041 | 149 (9.7) | 151 (9.9) | 0.903 |
Anti-HTN agent | ||||||
ACEi/ARB | 652 (38.7) | 2755 (33.6) | <0.001 | 600 (39.2) | 593 (38.7) | 0.795 |
CCB (Dihydropyridine CCB) | 486 (28.9) | 2659 (32.5) | 0.004 | 447 (29.2) | 436 (28.5) | 0.661 |
Others (include alpha blocker) | 106 (6.3) | 645 (7.9) | 0.026 | 101 (6.6) | 103 (6.7) | 0.885 |
Number of anti-HTN agents | 0.260 | 0.979 | ||||
0 | 808 (48.0) | 4032 (49.2) | 725 (47.4) | 731 (47.7) | ||
1 | 546 (32.4) | 2460 (30.0) | 499 (32.6) | 500 (32.7) | ||
2 | 292 (17.3) | 1489 (18.2) | 272 (17.8) | 268 (17.5) | ||
≥ 3 | 38 (2.3) | 207 (2.5) | 35 (2.3) | 32 (2.1) | ||
Follow-up (years) | 3.6 ± 2.6 | 5.0 ± 3.0 | <0.001 | 3.8 ± 2.7 | 3.6 ± 2.6 | 0.070 |