Efficacy of glutathione for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, pilot study

Table 1 Characteristics of patients before and after glutathione treatment (n = 29)

	Before treatment	After treatment	P-value
Age (year)	56.0 ± 13.3		-
Male/female (n)	14/15		-
Dyslipidemia (%)	24 (82.8)		-
Statin (%)	12 (41.4)		-
Diabetes (%)	14 (48.3)		-
BMI (kg/m²)	26.5 ± 3.9	26.5 ± 3.9	0.32
FBS (mg/dL)	118.4 ± 34.3	120.0 ± 27.8	0.24
IRI (μU/mL)	23.1 ± 29.8	23.4 ± 33.8	0.38
HbA_1c (%)	6.37 ± 1.18	6.46 ± 1.23	0.016
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	55.2 ± 16.3	55.0 ± 15.4	0.32
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	114.0 ± 28.8	111.3 ± 28.0	0.08
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	195.2 ± 135.9	163.6 ± 121.9	0.007
NEFA (μEq/L)	651.2 ± 242.5	533.5 ± 209.7	0.013
AST (IU/L)	46.7 ± 17.2	47.6 ± 21.2	0.39
ALT (IU/L)	68.9 ± 36.1	58.1 ± 33.5	0.014
GGT (IU/L)	70.4 ± 46.5	66.6 ± 47.5	0.29
Ferritin (ng/mL)	219.8 ± 150.8	194.4 ± 139.2	0.015
Platelet count (×10⁴ /μL)	20.8 ± 5.7	20.9 ± 5.3	0.30
Type IV collagen 7 s	5.08 ± 1.95	4.84 ± 1.34	0.40
Glutathione in protein fraction (μM)	1.42 ± 0.87	0.93 ± 0.63	0.010
Glutathione in deproteinized fraction (μM)	0.025 ± 0.040	0.019 ± 0.024	0.27
CAP (db/m)	295.7 ± 44.9	285.4 ± 48.8	0.07
LSM (kPa)	9.94 ± 4.93	9.24 ± 4.48	0.16

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. BMI body mass index, FBS fasting blood sugar, IRI immunoreactive insulin, HBA1c, hemoglobin A1c, HDL cholesterol high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL cholesterol low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, NEFA non-esterified fatty acid, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, GGT γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, CAP controlled attenuation parameter, LSM liver stiffness measurement

ISSN: 1471-230X