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Table 1 Demographic, clinical and biochemical data of the studied population

From: Noninvasive assessment of liver steatosis in children: the clinical value of controlled attenuation parameter

Variabile

Overall

N = 305

Group1

(Normal)

N = 106

Group2

(Overweight)

N = 100

Group3

(Obese)

N = 99

P value #

Gender, female, N (%)

135 (44.8)

40 (38.5)

46 (46.9)

49 (49.4)

0.25

Age

10.9 (3.0)

10.1 (3.3)

11.8 (2.6)

11.0 (2.95)

<0.0012

Weight, kilograms

51.2 (19.9)

35.2 (12.2)

54.8 (13.8)

63.9 (20.4)

<0.001*

Height, meters

1.46 (0.16)

1.41 (0.17)

1.51 (0.14)

1.48 (0.16)

0.0011,3

BMI, kg/m2

23.1 (5.7)

17.2 (2.8)

23.6 (2.3)

28.4 (4.4)

<0.001*

Waist circumference, cm

76.7 (17.2)

55.3 (11.5)

79.82 (9.1)

88.48 (11.8)

<0.001*

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

107.8 (10.4)

110.9 (8.54)

106.3 (10.03)

106.9 (11.5)

0.021

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

68.7 (8.3)

70.35 (7.63)

68.15 (7.83)

68.2 (9)

0.22

Total cholesterol, mg/dl

160.3 (29.5)

156.4 (29.4)

160.6 (28.3)

162.6 (30.5)

0.44

HDL cholesterol, mg/dl

48.9 (10.8)

52.7 (12.3)

49.4 (10.6)

46.2 (9.4)

0.0011

AST, IU/L

22.6 (8.69)

22.7 (6.45)

21.8 (9.01)

23.2 (9.9)

0.56

ALT, IU/L

20.8 (17.2)

15.1 (5.4)

21.4 (19.6)

25.0 (19.8)

0.0013

GGT, IU/L

16.5 (8.5)

13.3 (5.5)

16.7 (6.2)

18.9 (11.0)

<0.0011,3

Fasting blood glucose, mg/dl

76.6 (10.4)

76.0 (11.9)

76.7 (10.1)

77.1 (9.4)

0.78

Fasting insulin, microIU/ml

12.7 (9.1)

9.07 (6.1)

12.69 (8.5)

13.2 (10.0)

0.34

HOMA-IR, %

2.47 (1.9)

1.83 (1.22)

2.41 (1.71)

2.6 (2.17)

0.41

Triglycerides, mg/dl

72.2 (35.1)

63.6 (29.2)

75.3 (40.2)

74.8 (32.9)

0.09

Fatty liver index

0.18 (0.21)

0.03 (0.08)

0.14 (0.12)

0.3 (0.2)

<0.001*

Hepatic steatosis index

0.46 (0.34)

0.13 (0.18)

0.45 (0.26)

0.7 (0.2)

<0.001*

CAP, decibel/meter

228.5 (50.34)

200.5 (39.36)

231.6 (51.46)

254.6 (44.4)

<0.001*

LSM, kiloPascal

4.70 (.93)

4.59 (.96)

4.73 (.92)

4.80 (.9)

0.30

Metabolic syndrome, N (%)

12 (6.09)

0 (0)

7 (9.2)

5 (6.2)

0.143

  1. BMI body mass index; HDL high-density lipoprotein; AST aspartate aminotransferase; ALT alanine aminotransferase; GGT gamma glutamyltransferase; HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; CAP controlled attenuation parameter; LSM liver stiffness measurement. Values are reported as mean and standard deviation unless otherwise specified
  2. # P values refer to differences among three groups; 1 normal vs. overweight, 2normal vs obese, 3overweight vs obese: p < 0.05; * for all comparisons: p <0.01