Table 3 Crude in-hospital mortality by study variables (N = 11,121)
Variables | Mortality % (n) | P-value1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 18–44 | 4.9 (125) | <0.0001 |
45–64 | 8.0 (543) | ||
≥65 | 14.3 (252) | ||
Sex | male | 9.1 (704) | <0.0001 |
female | 6.5 (216) | ||
Admission status | non-urgent | 6.3 (627) | <0.0001 |
urgent | 24.0 (293) | ||
Hepatic encephalopathy | no | 4.0 (360) | <0.0001 |
yes | 27.1 (560) | ||
Ascites | no | 1.8 (85) | <0.0001 |
yes | 12.9 (835) | ||
PT-INR | <1.7 | 6.2 (628) | <0.0001 |
1.7–2.3 | 23.2 (168) | ||
>2.3 | 37.9 (124) | ||
Total bilirubin (umol/L) | <34.2 | 4.1 (271) | <0.0001 |
34.2–51.3 | 7.1 (94) | ||
>51.3 | 17.2 (555) | ||
Albumin (g/dl) | >35 | 3.2 (170) | <0.0001 |
28–35 | 10.0 (367) | ||
<28 | 18.3 (383) | ||
Creatinine (umol/L) | ≤88.4 | 5.0 (445) | <0.0001 |
>88.4 | 21.7 (475) | ||
Na | ≥135 | 4.4 (364) | <0.0001 |
<135 | 20.1 (556) | ||
MELD score | <7.0 | 1.9 (54) | <0.0001 |
7.0–8.0 | 3.6 (100) | ||
8.0–10.0 | 7.0 (195) | ||
>10.0 | 20.5 (571) | ||
MELDNa score | <8.0 | 0.7 (19) | <0.0001 |
8.0–10.0 | 2.7 (74) | ||
10.0–14.0 | 6.6 (184) | ||
>14.0 | 23.1 (643) | ||
5vMELD score | <9.0 | 0.5 (15) | <0.0001 |
9.0–13.0 | 2.3 (65) | ||
13.0–18.0 | 8.0 (223) | ||
>18.0 | 22.2 (617) | ||
CTP classification | A (CTP score 5–6) | 0.9 (34) | <0.0001 |
B (CTP score 7–9) | 3.2 (32) | ||
C (CTP score 10–15) | 11.3 (9) | ||
Number of abnormal CTP variables | 0 | 0.5 (13) | <0.0001 |
1 | 2.3 (52) | ||
2 | 6.2 (147) | ||
≥3 | 19.3 (708) | ||
Myocardial infarction | no | 8.2 (902) | <0.0001 |
yes | 29.0 (18) | ||
Cerebrovascular disease | no | 7.9 (846) | <0.0001 |
yes | 20.0 (74) | ||
Renal disease | no | 5.9 (586) | <0.0001 |
yes | 27.2 (334) | ||
Any malignancya | no | 8.0 (841) | <0.0001 |
yes | 12.2 (79) | ||
Congestive heart failure | no | 8.3 (10) | <0.0001 |
yes | 40.0 (10) | ||
Chronic pulmonary disease | no | 8.1 (888) | <0.0001 |
yes | 16.8 (32) | ||
Rheumatologic disease | no | 8.3 (913) | 0.39 |
yes | 11.3 (7) | ||
Peptic ulcer disease | no | 8.1 (801) | 0.06 |
yes | 9.6 (119) | ||
Diabetes complicated | no | 8.3 (907) | 0.47 |
yes | 10.0 (13) | ||
Diabetes uncomplicated | no | 5.2 (374) | <0.0001 |
yes | 13.8 (546) | ||
Hemiplegia or paraplegia | no | 8.3 (919) | 0.66 |
yes | 12.5 (1) | ||
Metastatic solid tumor | no | 7.8 (844) | <0.0001 |
yes | 27.6 (76) | ||
Cardiac arrhythmias | no | 7.9 (840) | <0.0001 |
yes | 17.9 (80) | ||
Valvular disease | no | 8.3 (916) | 0.31 |
yes | 13.3 (4) | ||
Hypertension uncomplicated | no | 7.8 (708) | <0.0001 |
yes | 10.6 (212) | ||
Hypertension complicated | no | 7.9 (784) | <0.0001 |
yes | 11.8 (136) | ||
Hypothyroidism | no | 8.3 (911) | 0.67 |
yes | 9.5 (9) | ||
Lymphoma | no | 8.3 (918) | 0.78 |
yes | 10.0 (2) | ||
Solid tumor without metastasisa | no | 8.1 (886) | 0.31 |
yes | 19.2 (34) | ||
Coagulopathy | no | 8.3 (918) | 0.01 |
yes | 40.0 (2) | ||
Blood loss anemia | no | 7.6 (818) | <0.0001 |
yes | 30.5 (102) | ||
Deficiency anemia | no | 7.4 (755) | <0.0001 |
yes | 17.2 (165) | ||
Depression | no | 8.2 (913) | <0.0001 |
yes | 17.1 (7) | ||
Fluid and electrolyte disorders | no | 5.5 (519) | <0.0001 |
yes | 23.5 (401) | ||
Psychoses | no | 8.3 (918) | 0.72 |
yes | 10.5 (2) | ||
Renal failure | no | 7.4 (803) | <0.0001 |
yes | 49.6 (117) | ||
AIDS | no | 8.3 (920) | 0.06 |
yes | 0.0 (0) | ||
Peripheral vascular disease | no | 8.3 (920) | 0.43 |
yes | 0.0 (0) | ||
Alcohol abuse | no | 7.49 (625) | <0.0001 |
yes | 10.62 (295) | ||
Number of Charlson comorbidities | 0 | 2.6 (92) | <0.0001 |
1 | 6.0 (272) | ||
2 | 14.2 (315) | ||
≥3 | 31.5 (241) | ||
Charlson comorbidity score categorized | 0 | 2.6 (92) | <0.0001 |
1–2 | 6.2 (310) | ||
3–4 | 16.75 (325) | ||
≥5 | 30.4 (193) | ||
Number of Elixhauser comorbidities | 0 | 2.1 (54) | <0.0001 |
1 | 3.9 (126) | ||
2 | 7.4 (175) | ||
≥3 | 19.3 (565) | ||