Type 1 and type 2 diabetes in celiac disease: prevalence and effect on clinical and histological presentation

BMC Gastroenterology

Table 3 Presence of co-morbidities and adherence to the gluten-free diet (GFD) in 1358 celiac disease patients^a

	DM1	DM2	No diabetes	P value
	n = 51	n = 38	n = 1269	Crude^b	Adjusted^c
Co-morbidity, %
Autoimmune thyroidal diseases	18	16	13	0.538	0.043
Coronary artery disease	18	29	3	<0.001	<0.001
Hypertension	31	47	15	<0.001	<0.001
Hypercholesterolemia	8	24	6	0.001	0.024
Osteoporosis or osteopenia	4	11	13	0.165	0.225
Asthma	4	13	7	0.265	0.456
Malignancy^d	4	5	4	0.815	0.873
Gastrointestinal disease^e	8	40	25	0.002	0.028
GFD, median (range), yr	6 (1–36)	7 (1–32)	8 (1–59)	0.935
Strictness of GFD, %				<0.001
Strict	71	95	96
Occasional gluten	22	5	4
No diet	6	0	0
Positive EmA on GFD, %	30	9	6	<0.001	<0.001

DM1, type 1 diabetes; DM2, type 2 diabetes
EmA endomysial antibodies
^aCeliac disease patients with or without concomitant DM1 or DM2
^bChi-square and Fisher’s exact test
^cAdjusted for current age, age at celiac disease diagnosis and gender by logistic regression
^dCancer of breast, prostate, colon, small intestine, uterus, thyroid gland, ovary, lip, spine; sarcoma
^eLactose intolerance, food allergy, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, gastric ulcer, diverticulosis, Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, chronic gastritis, diverticulitis, undefined colitis, chronic hepatitis

ISSN: 1471-230X