Table 2 Confounder-adjusted effect of a recorded diagnosis of epilepsy on the hazard rate of HE episodes grade 1, 2, 3, or 4

Epilepsy (as recorded)

2.12 (0.99–4.55)

Male vs. female

1.07 (0.83–1.39)

Age, per 10-year increase

1.17 (1.04–1.32)

 Alcohol alone (%)

1 (reference)

 Hepatitis C alone (%)

1.64 (1.18–2.28)

 Other (%)

1.35 (1.03–1.76)

Diabetes

1.41 (1.09–1.82)

History of HE before randomization

1.72 (1.34–2.20)

MELD score, per point

1.09 (1.07–1.11)

Sodium, per 5 mmol/L increase

0.64 (0.58–0.71)

Albumin, per 5 g/L increase

0.78 (0.70–0.87)

Lactulose, any dose vs. none

1.79 (1.41–2.28)

Rifaximin, any dose vs. none

0.59 (0.32–1.10)

Benzodiazepines/barbiturates, any dose vs. none

1.22 (0.85–1.74)