Table 1 The characteristics of 58 patients underwent limited PS combined with EPBD

Gender (M:F)

28:30

Mean age (range) yr

64.02 ± 16.37 (26–96)

Age (<60 : ≥60 : ≥70) yr

18:40:23

Gallstone

31

Prior cholecystectomy

14

Acute pancreatitis

8

Jaundice

41

Biliary tract infection

28

Liver cirrhosis

7

Hypertension

22

Diabetes mellitus

11

ESRD

4

CAD and heart disease

8

Hyperlipidemia

15

Malignancy

6

Stroke

3

COPD and asthma

4