Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is associated with irritable bowel syndrome and is independent of proton pump inhibitor usage

Table 2 Linkage between SIBO and PPI intake

Cut-off of SIBO	History of PPI intake		SIBO (-)	SIBO (+)	p	OR (95 % CIs)	p between ORs^a
	No	Non-IBS	478 (81.0 %)	53 (43.1 %)			0.498
≥10³ cfu/ml		IBS	112 (19.0 %)	70 (56.9 %)	<0.0001	5.63 (3.73–8.51)	0.499
	Yes	Non-IBS	102 (68.5 %)	12 (34.3 %)
		IBS	47 (31.5 %)	23 (65.7 %)	<0.0001	4.16 (1.91–9.06)
	No	Non-IBS	482 (79.9 %)	49 (44.5 %)			0.712
≥10⁴ cfu/ml		IBS	121 (20.1 %)	61 (55.5 %)	<0.0001	4.95 (3.24–7.59)	0.712
	Yes	Non-IBS	104 (67.5 %)	10 (33.3 %)
		IBS	50 (32.5 %)	20 (66.7 %)	0.001	4.16 (1.81–9.54)
	No	Non-IBS	497 (77.8 %)	34 (45.9 %)			0.892
≥10⁵ cfu/ml		IBS	142 (22.2 %)	40 (54.1 %)	<0.0001	4.12 (2.51–6.75)	0.892
	Yes	Non-IBS	107 (65.6 %)	7 (33.3 %)
		IBS	56 (34.3 %)	14 (66.7 %)	0.007	3.82 (1.46–10.01)