Role of preoperative biliary stents, bile contamination and antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical site infections after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Table 3 Postoperative complications stratified for the presence of biliary stent (Univariate analysis)

Complications	All (N = 178)	Non-stented (N = 90)	Stented (N = 88)	P value
Complications	N (% col)	N (% col)	N (% col)	P value
Pancreatic fistula: No/Yes	127 (71.3)/51 (28.7)	64 (71.1)/26 (28.9)	63 (71.6)/25 (28.4)	1.000
A	19 (10.7)	10 (11.1)	9 (10.2)	0.995^a
B + C	32 (18.0)	16 (17.8)	16 (18.2)	0.995^a
Biliary fistula: No/Yes	167 (93.8)/11 (6.2)	82 (91.1)/8 (8.9)	85 (96.6)/3 (3.4)	0.212^b
Abdominal abscess: No/Yes	170 (95.5)/8 (4.5)	85 (94.4)/5 (5.6)	85 (96.6)/3 (3.4)	0.720^b
Pneumonia: No/Yes	170 (95.5)/8 (4.5)	85 (94.4)/5 (5.6)	85 (96.6)/3 (3.4)	0.720^b
Urinary tract infection: No/Yes	175 (98.3)/3 (1.7)	88 (97.8)/2 (2.2)	87 (98.9)/1 (1.1)	1.000^b
Wound infection: No/Yes	141 (79.2)/37 (20.8)	78 (86.7)/12 (13.3)	63 (71.6)/25 (28.4)	0.022
Pancreatitis: No/Yes	175 (98.3)/3 (1.7)	87 (96.7)/3 (3.3)	88 (100)/0 (0.0)	0.246^b
Sepsis: No/Yes	172 (96.1)/7 (3.9)	87 (96.7)/3 (3.3)	85 (95.5)/4 (4.5)	0.720^b
Lymphatic fistula: No/Yes	168 (94.4)/10 (5.6)	87 (96.7)/3 (3.3)	81 (92.0)/7 (8.0)	0.209^b
Post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage: No/Yes	153 (86.0)/25 (14.0)	76 (84.4)/14 (15.6)	77 (87.5)/11 (12.5)	0.711
A	14 (7.9)	9 (10.0)	5 (5.7)	0.958^a
B	1 (0.5)	1 (1.1)	0 (0.0)
C	10 (5.6)	4 (4.4)	6 (6.8)
Duodenal/gastric fistula: No/Yes	175 (98.3)/3 (1.7)	89 (98.9)/1 (1.1)	86 (97.7)/2 (2.3)	0.619^b
Delayed gastric emptying: No/Yes	173 (97.2)/5 (2.8)	88(97.8)/2 (2.2)	85 (96.6)/3 (3.4)	0.680^b

^aConsidering the subgroups
^bFisher exact test
Two patients were excluded from analysis of post-operative complications because of early death (respectively 3rd and 5th post-operative day)

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