Fig. 5

Data are a pool of 12 piglets (6/gender) for each diet group for polyamine data. Microbiome data for milk group N is 11 (5 males and 6 females) and for sow group N is 6 (3 males and 3 females). Data are presented as mean ± SEM and are analyzed by 2-tailed t –test. a Ileum tissue polyamine measurements showed significantly higher Putrescine (*p < 0.05), spermidine (*p < 0.07, at tenth percentile) and no significant differences with spermine in sow fed piglets in comparison to milk formula fed piglets. b PCoA plot of ileum microbiome c Ileum contents microbiome analyses showed significant differences between sow and milk fed piglets with Lactobacillaceae spp ($P < 0.000001), Clostridiaceae spp (*p < 0.05), Enterobacteriaceae spp (^†p < 0.01), and Streptococcaceae spp (*p < 0.05)