Table 1 Outcomes and assessment of risk of bias in the included studies
Outcomes | Risk of bias | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author | Year | Wound infection | Abscess | Operative time | Length of hospital stay | Adequate sequence generation? | Allocation concealment? | Blinding? | Incomplete outcome data addressed? | Free of selective reporting? |
Al-Mulhim | 2002 | ○ | ○ | – | – | ? | + | ? | ? | ? |
Attwood | 1992 | ○ | ○ | – | – | ? | + | ? | + | ? |
Barth | 1999 | ○ | – | – | – | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Bauwens | 1999 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ? | + | ? | - | + |
Bruwer | 2000 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | + | + | ? | + | ? |
Cox | 1996 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Eichen | 1994 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | + | + | ? | ? | ? |
Frazee | 1994 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ? | ? | ? | + | ? |
Gouder | 2011 | ○ | – | – | ○ | ? | ? | ? | - | ? |
Hall Long | 2000 | ○ | ○ | – | ○ | ? | + | ? | ? | ? |
Hansen | 1996 | ○ | ○ | – | – | + | + | ? | - | ? |
Hart | 1996 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | + | + | ? | - | + |
Hebebrand | 1994 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ? | + | - | + | + |
Heikkinen | 1998 | ○ | ○ | – | – | ? | + | ? | ? | ? |
Hellberg | 1999 | ○ | ○ | – | – | + | + | ? | - | ? |
Helmy | 2001 | – | ○ | – | – | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Henle | 1996 | ○ | ○ | – | – | + | ? | ? | - | ? |
Huang | 2001 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ? | + | + | ? | ? |
Ignacio | 2003 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | + | + | + | + | ? |
Jan | 2011 | ○ | ○ | ○ | – | + | ? | ? | + | ? |
Kaiser | 2006 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ? | + | ? | + | + |
Kald | 1999 | ○ | ○ | – | – | + | + | ? | - | + |
Kaplan | 2009 | ○ | – | ○ | ○ | ? | ? | ? | + | ? |
Karadayi | 2003 | ○ | ○ | ○ | – | + | ? | ? | - | + |
Kargar | 2010 | ○ | – | ○ | ○ | + | + | ? | ? | ? |
Katkhouda | 2005 | ○ | ○ | – | – | + | + | + | - | + |
Kazemier | 1997 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | + | + | ? | + | ? |
Kehagias | 2009 | ○ | ○ | – | – | + | + | ? | ? | ? |
Khalil | 2011 | ○ | – | ○ | ○ | + | ? | ? | - | ? |
Kocatas | 2013 | ○ | ○ | – | ○ | + | + | ? | - | ? |
Kouhia | 2010 | ○ | ○ | – | – | ? | + | ? | + | + |
Kum | 1993 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | + | + | ? | - | ? |
Laine | 1997 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ? | ? | ? | + | ? |
Macarulla | 1995 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ? | + | ? | + | ? |
Martin | 1995 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ? | ? | ? | + | ? |
Minne | 1997 | ○ | ○ | – | – | + | ? | ? | - | ? |
Moberg | 2005 | ○ | ○ | – | – | + | + | + | + | + |
Moirangthem | 2008 | ○ | – | ○ | ○ | ? | ? | ? | + | ? |
Mutter | 1996 | ○ | ○ | ○ | – | ? | ? | ? | + | ? |
Navarra | 2000 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | + | + | ? | + | ? |
Nordentoft | 2000 | – | – | ○ | – | ? | ? | ? | - | ? |
Olmi | 2005 | ○ | ○ | – | – | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Ortega | 1996 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | + | + | + | + | ? |
Özmen | 1999 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Pedersen | 2001 | ○ | ○ | – | – | + | + | ? | ? | + |
Pozo | 1996 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ? | ? | ? | + | ? |
Rashid | 2013 | ○ | – | ○ | ○ | + | ? | ? | + | ? |
Reiertsen | 1997 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ? | ? | - | - | ? |
Ricca | 2007 | ○ | ○ | ○ | – | + | + | + | + | ? |
Schippers | 1997 | ○ | ○ | ○ | – | ? | + | ? | + | ? |
Settmacher | 1995 | – | – | ○ | – | ? | + | ? | ? | + |
Sezeur | 1997 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ? | + | ? | - | ? |
Shirazi | 2010 | ○ | – | ○ | ○ | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Stare | 1998 | ○ | ○ | ○ | – | ? | + | - | + | ? |
Sun | 1998 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ? | ? | ? | + | ? |
Tate | 1993 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | + | + | ? | + | ? |
Tzovaras | 2010 | ○ | – | – | – | + | + | ? | + | ? |
Vallribera | 2003 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | + | + | ? | + | ? |
van Dalen | 2003 | – | – | ○ | – | ? | + | ? | + | ? |
Wei | 2010 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ? | ? | ? | + | ? |
Williams | 1996 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ? | ? | ? | - | ? |
Witten | 1998 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | + | + | - | + | ? |
Yin | 1996 | ○ | – | – | ○ | + | + | + | + | ? |
Zhang | 1998 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | + | ? | ? | ? | ? |