DISTAL (n = 32) | MID (n = 20) | DIFFUSE (n = 38) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 65.1 ± 9.7 | 64.3 ± 9.6 | 67.1 ± 6.7 | 0.545 |
Gender (male/female) | 18/14 | 13/7 | 21/17 | 0.757 |
Preoperative peak TB (mg/dl) | 7.0 ± 6.2 | 8.9 ± 9.4 | 6.5 ± 4.8 | 0.629 |
CA 19–9 ≥ 37 | 21 (70.0 %) | 15 (62.0 %) | 25 (68.6 %) | 0.932 |
Preoperative biliary drainage (n) | 25 (83.3 %) | 19 (82.6 %) | 32 (84.2 %) | 0.713 |
Type of resection | <0.001 | |||
Pancreaticoduodenectomy | 32 (100 %) | 5 (25.0 %) | 38 (100 %) | |
Bile duct resection | 0 (0 %) | 15 (75.0 %) | 0 (0 %) | |
Operative time (min) | 419.0 ± 79.8 | 357.5 ± 106.4 | 421.3 ± 69.0 | 0.033 |
Transfusion (n) | 6 (18.8 %) | 2 (10.0 %) | 5 (13.1 %) | 0.524 |
Postoperative complication (n) | 14 (43.8 %) | 5 (25.0 %) | 18 (47.4 %) | 0.431 |
Grade (I,II/III,IV) | 5/9 | 1/4 | 6/12 | |
Postoperative hospital stay (days) | 29.4 ± 13.3 | 23.2 ± 14.2 | 28.6 ± 13.1 | 0.157 |
Gross tumor appearance | 0.915 | |||
Infiltrating type | 26 (81.3 %) | 16 (80.0 %) | 31 (81.6 %) | |
Papillary/nodular type | 6 (28.7 %) | 4 (20.0 %) | 7 (18.4 %) | |
Differentiation | 0.295 | |||
WD | 7 (21.9 %) | 5 (25.0 %) | 6 (15.8 %) | |
MD | 18 (56.3 %) | 6 (30.0 %) | 21 (55.3 %) | |
PD | 7 (21.9 %) | 9 (45.0 %) | 11 (28.9 %) | |
Depth of invasion | 0.002a | |||
T1 | 5 (15.6 %) | 6 (30.0 %) | 9 (23.7 %) | |
T2 | 3 (9.4 %) | 9 (45.0 %) | 4 (10.5 %) | |
T3 | 24 (75.0 %) | 5 (25.0 %) | 25 (65.8 %) | |
Lymph node metastases | 10 (31.3 %) | 11 (55.0 %) | 13 (34.2 %) | 0.191 |
Stage (AJCC 7th) | 0.631 | |||
Ia/Ib | 6 (18.7 %) | 9 (45.0 %) | 9 (23.7 %) | |
IIa/IIb | 26 (81.6 %) | 11 (55.0 %) | 29 (76.3 %) | |
Lymphovascular invasion | 22 (68.8 %) | 11 (55.0 %) | 29 (76.3 %) | 0.249 |
Perineural invasion | 15 (46.9 %) | 16 (70.0 %) | 33 (86.8 %) | 0.008b |
Recurrence (n) | 13 (40.6 %) | 13 (65.0 %) | 30 (78.9 %) | 0.010c |
Pattern of initial recurrence | 0.449 | |||
Local recurrence | 4 (30.8 %) | 4 (30.7 %) | 11 (35.5 %) | |
Distant metastases | 6 (46.2 %) | 4 (30.7 %) | 6 (17.2 %) | |
Both (local + distant metastases) | 3 (23.1 %) | 5 (38.4 %) | 14 (48.3 %) |