Fig. 7

A model of niclosamide inducing cell apoptosis through ATF3-dependent PERK activation in hepatoma cells. In hepatoma cells, niclosamide could induce ROS which in turn activates the PERK pathway. Both activated PERK pathway and ROS could enhance ATF3 expression. PERK pathway and ATF3 directly regulate CHOP expression. ATF3 and CHOP would induce cells apoptosis. In addition, ATF3 also regulates PERK pathway through modulating PERK expression