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Table 2 Estimation of hazard ratios of mortality in patients with esophageal variceal bleeding between 2005 and 2010 using cox proportional model

From: Effect of coexisting diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease on mortality of cirrhotic patients with esophageal variceal bleeding

 

42-day mortality

One-year mortality

 

HR

95 % C.I.

p-value

HR

95 % C.I.

p-value

Sex (reference: Female)

      

 Male

1.37

0.93–2.02

0.109

1.54

1.19–2.00

0.001

Age at the first diagnosis of EVB (reference: <50)

      

 50–69

0.93

0.63–1.38

0.721

1.03

0.77–1.38

0.831

  ≥ 70

0.77

0.45–1.34

0.361

1.24

0.85–1.81

0.269

Comorbidities

      

 DM

0.79

0.57–1.10

0.163

0.88

0.71–1.09

0.241

 CKD

1.80

1.10–2.97

0.021

1.52

1.06–2.17

0.023

 COPD

0.88

0.59–1.31

0.533

0.85

0.65–1.12

0.251

 Asthma

1.19

0.70–2.00

0.526

1.08

0.75–1.55

0.699

 TB

0.68

0.27–1.88

0.460

0.65

0.34–1.24

0.191

 Previous episode of acute coronary syndrome

1.01

0.68–1.51

0.954

1.04

0.79–1.36

0.779

Previous episode of cerebrovascular accident

1.54

0.99–2.38

0.054

1.21

0.89–1.65

0.214

Etiology of cirrhosis

      

 HBV

1.13

0.82–1.54

0.465

1.07

0.86–1.33

0.559

 HCV

0.81

0.57–1.14

0.224

0.86

0.68–1.09

0.217

Alcoholism

0.76

0.52–1.11

0.157

0.74

0.57–0.97

0.031

Complication of cirrhosis

      

 HCC

2.13

1.54–2.95

<0.001

2.48

1.99–3.10

<0.001

 Infection during hospitalization

1.65

0.99–2.75

0.055

1.50

1.03–2.18

0.035

Previous episodes of decompensation required hospitalization within 1 year before EVB

      

Ascites (reference: 0)

      

 1

1.66

1.10–2.52

0.017

1.60

1.18–2.18

0.003

  ≥ 2

1.77

1.04–3.02

0.036

1.73

1.18–2.55

0.005

Hepatic encephalopathy (reference: 0)

      

 1

0.98

0.54–1.79

0.949

1.09

0.72–1.67

0.680

  ≥ 2

1.09

0.59–1.99

0.793

1.28

0.82–1.99

0.271

SBP (reference: 0)

      

 1

0.63

0.28–1.41

0.258

1.20

0.76–1.92

0.435

  ≥ 2

3.42

1.38–8.50

0.008

2.93

1.24–6.93

0.015

Low income

0.70

0.25–1.99

0.503

1.63

0.95–2.79

0.078

Urbanization (reference: Urban)

      

 Sub-urban

1.02

0.75–1.39

0.891

1.09

0.87–1.35

0.455

 Rural

0.58

0.34–0.98

0.043

0.84

0.61–1.15

0.270

  1. CI confidence interval, CKD chronic kidney disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DM diabetes mellitus, EVB esophageal variceal bleeding, HBV hepatitis B virus, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, HCV hepatitis C virus, HR hazard ratio, SBP spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, TB pulmonary tuberculosis