Table 1 Characteristics of cirrhotic patients with first esophageal variceal bleeding and mortality, Taiwan, 2005–2010
| Â | 42-day mortality | One-year mortality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | Survivors (n = 699) (%) | Death (n = 189) (%) | p-value | Survivors (n = 488) (%) | Death (n = 400) (%) | p-value |
Year of first diagnosis of EVB | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 2005 (n = 167) | 132 (18.9) | 35 (18.5) | 0.909 | 84 (17.2) | 83 (20.8) | 0.585 |
 2006 (n = 151) | 122 (17.4) | 29 (15.3) | 0.808 | 84 (17.2) | 67 (16.8) | 0.864 |
 2007 (n = 142) | 101 (14.4) | 41 (21.7) | 0.170 | 72 (14.8) | 70 (17.5) | 0.686 |
 2008 (n = 134) | 102 (14.6) | 32 (16.9) | 0.769 | 79 (16.2) | 55 (13.7) | 0.729 |
 2009 (n = 146) | 120 (17.2) | 26 (13.8) | 0.648 | 83 (17.0) | 63 (15.7) | 0.864 |
 2010 (n = 148) | 122 (17.5) | 26 (13.8) | 0.615 | 86 (17.6) | 62 (15.5) | 0.793 |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Female (n = 243) | 202 (28.9) | 41 (21.7) | 0.049 | 151 (30.9) | 92 (23.0) | 0.008 |
Age at the first diagnosis of EVB | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  < 50 (n = 261) | 212 (30.3) | 49 (25.9) | 0.433 | 165 (33.8) | 96 (24.0) | 0.002 |
 50–69 (n = 437) | 335 (47.9) | 102 (54.0) | 0.302 | 230 (47.1) | 207 (51.8) | 0.171 |
≥70 (n = 190) | 152 (21.8) | 38 (20.1) | 0.626 | 93 (19.1) | 97 (24.2) | 0.061 |
Complication of cirrhosis | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 HCC (n = 359) | 247 (35.3) | 112 (59.3) | <0.001 | 127 (26.0) | 232 (58.0) | <0.001 |
 Infection during hospitalization (n = 58) | 40 (5.7) | 18 (9.5) | 0.061 | 26 (5.3) | 32 (8.0) | 0.109 |
Previous episodes of decompensation required hospitalization within 1 year before EVB | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Ascites | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 0 (n = 711) | 577 (82.6) | 134 (70.9) | <0.001 | 417 (85.4) | 294 (73.5) | <0.001 |
 1 (n = 114) | 82 (11.7) | 32 (16.9) | 0.058 | 52 (10.7) | 62 (15.5) | 0.038 |
  ≥ 2 (n = 63) | 40 (5.7) | 23 (12.2) | 0.002 | 19 (3.9) | 44 (11.0) | <0.001 |
Hepatic encephalopathy | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 0 (n = 789) | 628 (89.9) | 161 (85.2) | 0.247 | 447 (91.6) | 342 (85.4) | 0.026 |
 1 (n = 60) | 47 (6.7) | 13 (6.9) | 0.940 | 31 (6.4) | 29 (7.3) | 0.724 |
  ≥ 2 (n = 39) | 24 (3.4) | 15 (7.9) | 0.041 | 10 (2.0) | 29 (7.3) | 0.001 |
SBP | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 0 (n = 846) | 670 (95.9) | 176 (93.1) | 0.329 | 477 (97.8) | 369 (92.3) | <0.001 |
 1 (n = 35) | 28 (4.0) | 7 (3.7) | 0.850 | 10 (2.0) | 25 (6.2) | 0.003 |
  ≥ 2 (n = 7) | 1 (0.1) | 6 (3.2) | <0.001 | 1 (0.2) | 6 (1.5) | 0.028 |
Etiology of cirrhosis | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 HBV (n = 340) | 250 (35.8) | 90 (47.6) | 0.003 | 168 (34.4) | 172 (43.0) | 0.009 |
 HCV (n = 306) | 248 (35.5) | 58 (30.7) | 0.219 | 168 (34.4) | 138 (34.5) | 0.982 |
 Alcoholism (n = 382) | 313 (44.8) | 69 (36.5) | 0.042 | 236 (48.4) | 146 (36.5) | <0.001 |
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 DM (n = 332) | 270 (38.6) | 62 (32.8) | 0.142 | 187 (38.3) | 145 (36.3) | 0.526 |
 CKD (n = 65) | 43 (6.2) | 22 (11.6) | 0.010 | 23 (4.7) | 42 (10.5) | 0.001 |
 COPD (n = 216) | 174 (24.9) | 42 (22.2) | 0.448 | 124 (25.4) | 92 (23.0) | 0.405 |
 Asthma (n = 87) | 69 (9.9) | 18 (9.5) | 0.887 | 49 (10.0) | 38 (9.5) | 0.787 |
 TB (n = 28) | 24 (3.4) | 4 (2.1) | 0.358 | 18 (3.7) | 10 (2.5) | 0.313 |
Previous episode of acute coronary syndrome (n = 184) | 145 (20.7) | 39 (20.6) | 0.974 | 96 (19.7) | 88 (22.0) | 0.395 |
Previous episode of cerebrovascular accident (n = 102) | 73 (10.4) | 29 (15.3) | 0.061 | 45 (9.2) | 57 (14.3) | 0.019 |
Low income | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes (n = 24) | 20 (2.9) | 4 (2.1) | 0.575 | 7 (1.4) | 17 (4.3) | 0.010 |
Urbanization | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Urban (n = 438) | 339 (48.5) | 99 (52.4) | 0.357 | 246 (50.4) | 192 (48.0) | 0.475 |
 Normal (n = 316) | 243 (34.8) | 73 (38.6) | 0.357 | 160 (32.8) | 156 (39.0) | 0.120 |
 Rural (n = 134) | 117 (16.7) | 17 (9.0) | 0.030 | 82 (16.8) | 52 (13.0) | 0.214 |