|
Van den Driessche et al. [20] 1999
|
NRCT (n = 29)
|
13C-OABT
|
Test feed 1: Breast milk
|
Test feed 1: t1/2 47 min
|
|
Preterm infants (27–41 weeks)
|
Test feed 2: 40 % casein, 60 % whey (Nutrilon Premium, Nutricia)
|
Test feed 2: 65 min (p < 0.05)
|
|
Savage et al. [22] 2012
|
RCT cross-over (n = 13) on children with CP
|
13C-OABT
|
Test feed 1: 82 % casein-based 82, 18 % whey (Paediasure, Abbott)
|
Test feed 2 and 3: t1/2 33.9 min
|
|
Test feed 2: 50 % casein, 50 % whey [Nutren Junior, Nestle Clinical Nutrition]
|
Test feed 1: 56.6 min (p = .033)
|
|
Age: 2.4–15.4 years
|
|
Test feed 3: 100 % pHFa whey [Peptament Junior, Nestle Clinical Nutrition]
|
|
Brun et al. [7] 2012
|
RCT cross-over (n = 15) children with CP
|
13C-OABT
|
Test feed 1: 100 % casein
|
Test feed 1: t1/2 153 min, Test feed 2: t1/2 82
|
|
Test feed 2: 100 % hydrolysed whey
|
|
Test feed 3: 100 % amino acids
|
Test feed 3: 74.4 min
|
|
Age: 6–16 years
|
Test feed 4: 40 % casein, 60 % whey
|
Test feed 4: 63.3 min Fastest GE was for test feed 4 (p < 0.001)
|
|
Test feeds contained standard carbohydrate and fat
|
|
Brun et al. [30] 2013
|
RCT (n = 10) children with CP with a Nissen fundoplication versus (n = 10) children with CP but without Nissen fundoplica-tion
|
13C-OABT
|
Test feed 1: 100 % casein
|
t1/2 test feed 1:
|
|
Test feed 2: 40 % casein, 60 % whey
|
- 110 min for Nissan fundoplication group
|
|
- 181 min for non Nissan fundoplication group
|
|
t1/2 test feed 2:
|
|
- 50 min for Nissan fundoplication group
|
|
- 85 min for non Nissan fundoplication group
|
|
In both groups feed 2 emptied faster
|
|
Staelens et al. [24] 2008
|
RCT cross-over (n = 20) healthy infants
|
13C-OABT
|
Test feed 1: 29 % casein, 71 % whey (NAN 1, Nestle)
|
Test feed 3: t1/2 46 min Test feed 1: t1/2 55 min
|
|
Test feed 2: 100 % pHFa whey (NAN HA, Nestle)
|
(p =0.036)
|
|
Age: 6–13 weeks
|
No difference between t1/2 between test feed 1 and feed 2
|
|
Test feed 3: 100 % eHFb whey formula (experimental Nestle formula)
|
|
Thorkelsson et al. [23] 1994
|
RCT (n = 20) preterm infants Age: 33–34 weeks
|
Tc-99 scintigraphy
|
Test feed 1: 40 % casein, 60 % whey (Similac Special Care, Ross Laboratories)
|
Test feed 1: t1/2 64.9 ± 12.3 min
|
|
Test feed 2: t1/2 56.5 ± 14.8 min
|
|
Test feed 2: 82 % casein,18 % whey (experimental formula, Ross Laboratories)
|
No significant difference in GE between formulas. (p = 0.75)
|
|
Tolia et al. [25] 1992
|
RCT cross-over (n = 28) infants with reflux Age: infants < 1 year of age
|
Tc-99 scintigraphy
|
Test feed 1: 82 % casein:18 % whey (Similac, Ross Laboratories)
|
Test feed 1: t1/2 39.7 ± 2.02 min
|
|
Test feed 2: whole soya formula (Isomil, Ross Laboratories)
|
Test feed 2: t 1/2 44.6 ± 2.01 min
|
|
Test feed 3: 100 % whey hydrolysate (Goodstart, Carnation Company)
|
Test feed 3: t1/2 48.5 ± 2.89 min.
|
|
GE of feed 3 was significantly (p < 0.05) slower 48.5 % versus 39.7 %
|
|
Billeaud et al. [11] 1990
|
NRCT (n = 111) infants with GOR and (n = 90) healthy controls
|
Tc99 scintigraphy
|
Test feed 1: breast milk
|
At 30 min no difference in GE between formulas.
|
|
Test feed 2: 100 % hydrolysed whey (Nidal HA, Nestle)
|
|
Gastric residual content at 120 min was 18 +/− 11 % with breast milk, 16 +/− 21 % feed 2, 25 +/− 17 % feed 3, 26 +/− 19 % feed 4, 39 +/− 17 % feed 5, 47 +/− 19 % feed 5, 55 +/− 19 % feed 7
|
|
Test feed 3: acidified whole protein (Pelargon, Nestle)
|
|
Age: <1 year of age (range not specified)
| |
Test feed 4: 40 % casein, 60 % whey (Lactamil, Jaquemaire)
|
|
Test feed 5: 80 % casein, 20 % whey (Alma, Jaquemaire)
|
|
Test feed 6: 80 % casein, 20 % whey Follow-up formula (Nido, Nestle)
|
|
Test formula 7: whole cow’s milk (80 % casein)
|
