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Table 2 Biological processes significantly enriched in differentially expressed genes in the intestine of insulin-resistant subjects

From: Altered intestinal functions and increased local inflammation in insulin-resistant obese subjects: a gene-expression profile analysis

Regulators

Role

State (z-score)

p

Target genes regulated

PDGF

Mitogenic

(3.41)

10−16

ATF3, CNN1, CTGF, CYR61, DUSP1, EGR1, FOS, FOSB, GEM, IL1B, JUN, KLF6, RGS1, SLC2A3, THBS1, ZFP36

Jnk

Inflammation

(2.77)

10−07

BIRC3, CTGF, DUSP1, IL1B, JUN, PTGS2, VCAM1, ZFP36

ERK

Mitogenic

(2.62)

10−09

CTGF, DUSP1, EGR1, FOS, HBEGF, JUN, MUC5AC, PDK4, PTGS2, THBS1, ZFP36

F7

Coagulation

(2.40)

10−07

CTGF, EGR1, FOS, HBEGF, IL1B, ZFP36

TREM1

Inflammation

(2.33)

10−05

ATF3, CFB, EGR1, GADD45B, GEM, HBEGF, IL1B, PTGS2, RGS1, THBS1

C/EBPα

Transcription

(2.22)

10−03

BTG2, CSF3R, CXCR4, PTGS2, S100A9

CD40LG

Immunity

(2.20)

10−05

BIRC3, E2F2, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DRB4, IL1B, PTGS2, VCAM1

MAP2K1/2

Mitogenic

(2.19)

10−05

ATF3, CTGF, DUSP1, EGR1, IL1B

IL1α

Inflammation

(2.17)

10−03

BIRC3, IL1B, PTGS2, S100A9, SERPINA3

IFNγ

Inflammation

(2.16)

10−03

ATF3, CXCR4, HLA-A/C/DQB1, IL1B, KLF6, PTGS2, VCAM1

NUPR1

Transcription

(2.12)

10−01

ATF3, BRI3BP, CXCR4, CYR61, HBEGF, KLF6, SIK1, ZFAND2

SELPLG

Inflammation

(2.00)

10−04

CLK1, CXCR4, FOS, IL1B

SMAD4

Transcription

(2.00)

10−02

CTGF, GADD45B, IRAK3, THBS1

P38 MAPK

Inflammation

(2.00)

10−06

ATF3, CD55, CTGF, EGR1, FOS, IL1B, JUN, MUC5AC, PTGS2

TLR4

Inflammation

(2.00)

10−05

ATF3, IL1B, IRAK3, MUC5AC, VCAM1

IgG

Immunity

(−2.24)

10−03

DUSP1, IL1B, LDLR, SLC2A3, ZFP36

Hdac

Deacetylases

(−2.57)

10−07

ATF3, EGR1, FOS, GADD45B, JUN, KLF6, KLF9

  1. : Biological processes prediced to be increased
  2. : Biological processes predicted to be decreased