Altered intestinal functions and increased local inflammation in insulin-resistant obese subjects: a gene-expression profile analysis

Table 1 Differentially expressed genes in the intestine of insulin-resistant compared to insulin-sensitive subjects

Function	Genes		Fold change
Intestinal peptides	GIP	Glucose inhibitory peptide	−1.72
	GKN1	Gastrokine 1	−1.54
	GKN2	Gastrokine 2	−1.51
	VIP	Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	1.30
Inflammation and oxidative stress	PTGS2	Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase – COX-2	1.20
	DUSD1	Dual specificity phosphatase 1	1.37
	S100A8	S100 calcium binding protein A8	1.59
	S100A9	S100 calcium binding protein A9	1.51
	IL1B	Interleukin 1 beta	1.21
	GPX8	Glutathione peroxidase 8	1.21
	FOS	Cellular oncogene c-Fos	1.55
	JUN	Jun proto-oncogene	1.32
Transporters	SLC28A2	Sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter	−1.68
Transporters	SLC2A3	Facilitated glucose transporter 3	1.25
Extracellular matrix	MUC5AC	Mucin 5 AC	−1.58
	MUC2	Mucin 2	−1.32
	MUC6	Mucin 6	1.21
	MMP7	Metalloproteinase 7	1.27
	VIL1	Villin 1	−1.22
Digestive functions	PGA5	Pepsinogen A	−1.97
	LCT	Lactase	1.76
	GLB1	β-galactosidase	−1.21
	PNLIPRP2	Pancreatic lipase	1.30
	PRSS1	Trypsin 1	1.24
	ELA3A	Elastase	1.25
Immunity	GP2	Glycoprotein 2	1.38
	HLA-A	Major histocompatibility complex class I A	2.63
	HLA-C	Major histocompatibility complex class I C	−1.20
	HLA-F	Major histocompatibility complex class I F	−1.28
	HLA-DQA1	Major histocompatibility complex class II DQ alpha 1	1.38
	HLA-DQB1	Major histocompatibility complex class II DQ beta 1	1.22
	HLA-DRB1	Major histocompatibility complex class II DR beta 1	−1.35
	HLA-DRB4	Major histocompatibility complex class II DR beta 4	1.39
Cholesterol homeostasis	LDLR	Low density lipoprotein receptor	1.30
	APOD	Apolipoprotein D-III	1.20
	APOA1	Apolipoprotein A-I	−1.37

ISSN: 1471-230X