Associations of coffee consumption with markers of liver injury in the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study

BMC Gastroenterology

Table 3 Multiple linear regression analysis of the association of caffeinated coffee consumption with markers of liver injury when individuals consuming ≥ 1 alcoholic drink/day were excluded

Outcome per unit increase in caffeinated coffee	ALT^ab		AST^ab		Fetuin-A^ac		NAFLD liver fat score^ad
	β (95 % CI)	p value	β (95 % CI)	p value	β (95 % CI)	p value	β (95 % CI)	p value
Model 1	−0.10 (−0.17, −0.03)	0.0046	−0.05 (−0.10, −0.01)	0.0280	0.02 (−0.04, 0.08)	0.47	−0.07 (−0.13, −0.02)	0.0070
Model 2	−0.11 (−0.18, −0.03)	0.0037	−0.05 (−0.10, −0.00)	0.0420	0.02 (−0.04, 0.08)	0.54	−0.06 (−0.11, −0.01)	0.0189
Model 3	−0.11 (−0.18, −0.04)	0.0037	−0.05 (−0.10, −0.00)	0.0330	0.03 (−0.04, 0.09)	0.41	−0.06 (−0.11, −0.01)	0.0298
Model 4	−0.08 (−0.16, −0.00)	0.0400	−0.03 (−0.08, 0.02)	0.20	0.03 (−0.04, 0.09)	0.44	−0.03 (−0.07, 0.02)	0.27

Model 1: Age, sex, ethnicity
Model 2: Adjusted as in model 1 + energy intake, energy expenditure, education, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption
Model 3: Adjusted as in model 2 + whole grain consumption, vegetable intake, fruit intake, % energy from saturated fat, % energy from polyunsaturated fat, decaffeinated coffee consumption, regular soft drinks, lemonade/sweetened mineral water
Model 4: Adjusted as in model 3 + insulin sensitivity
^aLog transformation;^b n = 827 with slight variation across models;^cn = 541 with slight variation across models; ^dn = 821 with slight variation across models

ISSN: 1471-230X