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Table 5 Summary of results of 11 published studies and the results of the present study

From: Rectal indomethacin versus placebo to reduce the incidence of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: results of a controlled clinical trial

Author, year, country

Intervention

Inclusion criteria

Does the study include patients with a pancreatic stent for PEP prophylaxis?

Post-ERCP pancreatitis incidence

Risk Ratio, 95 % CI

Experimental

Control

Events

n

Events

n

Murray, 2003, Scotland. [14]

100 mg rectal Diclofenac in recovery area.

High risk patients

Yes

7

110

17

110

0.56 [0.29, 1.05]

Sotoudenhmanesh, 2007, India. [15]

100 mg rectal Indomethacin immediately prior to ERCP.

Unselected patients

No

7

221

15

221

0.62 [0.34, 1.16]

Montaño-Loza, 2007, Mexico. [23]

100 mg rectal Indomethacin, 2 h before ERCP.

Unselected patients

No

4

75

12

75

0.47 [0.20, 1.12]

Cheon, 2007, USA. [24]

50 mg Diclofenac, before and after ERCP by mouth

Unselected patients

Yes

17

105

17

102

0.98 [0.68, 1.42]

Khoshbaten, 2008, Iran. [22]

100 mg rectal Diclofenac on arrival to recovery area.

High risk patients

Yes

2

50

13

50

0.24 [0.06, 0.87]

Senol, 2009, Turkey. [25]

75 mg diclofenac IM and IV isotonic, after ERCP

Unselected patients

No

3

40

7

40

0.57 [0.21, 1.50]

Otsuka, 2012, Japan. [26]

50 mg rectal Diclofenac, 30 min before ERCP.

Unselected patients

No

2

51

10

53

0.31 [0.09, 1.12]

Elmunzer, 2012, USA. [16]

100 mg rectal Indomethacin after ERCP.

High risk patients

Yes

27

295

52

307

0.67 [0.49, 0.92]

Döbrönte, 2012, Hungary. [27]

100 mg rectal Indomethacin, 10 min before ERCP.

Unselected patients

No

11

130

11

98

0.87 [0.56, 1.34]

Abu-Safieh Yasser, 2014, Palestine. [28]

75 mg diclofenac IM, prior the ERCP.

Unselected patients

Yes

6

89

12

93

0.66 [0.34, 1.29]

Döbrönte, 2014, Hungary. [29]

100 mg rectal Indomethacin 10–15 min before ERCP.

Unselected patients

No

20

347

22

318

1.10 [0.82, 1.49]

Present Study, 2015, México.

100 mg rectal Indomethacin, immediately after ERCP.

High risk Patients

No

4

82

17

84

0.35 [0.14, 0.87]