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Table 3 Patient- and procedure-related risk factors identified for the development of PEP

From: Rectal indomethacin versus placebo to reduce the incidence of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: results of a controlled clinical trial

Risk factor

Study Group (N = 82)

Control Group

(N = 84)

P

value

Patient-related

   

Oddi - Female sex

51

59

0.27

Oddi - Suspected sphincter dysfunction oddi

12

15

0.72

 - History of recurrent acute Pancreatitis

4

5

0.76

 - Previous post-ERCP pancreatitis

2

1

0.54

 - Normal serum bilirubin.

26

24

0.66

Procedure-related

   

 - Attempts to cannulation

7.3 ± 3.6

7.2 ± 3.5

0.97

 - Time cannulation

6.0 ± 3.5

6.8 ± 3.6

0.14

 - Difficult cannulation of the bile duct (>8 attempts)

38

40

0.86

 - Failed cannulation of the bile duct

4

4

0.58

 - Precut (access) sphincterotomy

49

46

0.51

 - Biliary sphincterotomy

49

48

0.73

 - Diameter of the bile duct

11.5 ± 5.3

11.6 ± 4.2

0.84

 - Biliary Stent

26

22

0.08

 - Pancreatography

41

38

0.34

 - Number of passes

1.4 ± 0.5

1.5 ± 0.8

0.25

 - Number of injections

1.5 ± 0.8

1.6 ± 0.5

0.52

 - Pancreatography extension

   

  * Partial

8

6

0.14

  * Full

31

30

 

  * Acinarizacion

2

2

 

 - Pancreatic sphincterotomy

7

5

0.36

 - Brushed wirsung duct

8

9

0.33

 - Pancreatic stenting

2

2

0.62

 - Total procedure time

23.2 ± 6.7

24.6 ± 7.3

0.22