Skip to main content

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analysis of potential risk factors for death in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding after endoscopic treatment

From: Predicting risk factors for rebleeding, infections, mortality following peptic ulcer bleeding in patients with cirrhosis and the impact of antibiotics prophylaxis at different clinical stages of the disease

Variable

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Hazard ratio (95 % CI)

p-value

Hazard ratio (95 % CI)

p-value

Age

0.981 (0.958–1.004)

0.112

  

Male gender

2.046 (0.902–4.639)

0.087

  

Etiology of liver cirrhosis

    

  Alcoholic

1.188 (0.577–2.455)

0.641

  

  Viral hepatitis

1.023 (0.722–1.488)

0.887

  

  Cryptogenic

0.713 (0.366 –1.392)

0.322

  

Decompensated cirrhosis

2.112 (1.014–4.402)

0.046

1.259 (0.497–3.188)

0.627

Rockall score

1.638 (1.327–2.022)

<0.001

1.884 (1.477–2.404)

<0.001

MELD score

1.049 (1.007–1.093)

0.023

0.945 (0.875–1.020)

0.417

Child-Pugh score

1.321 (1.126–1.548)

0.001

1.252 (0.915–1.712)

0.163

Other comorbidities

    

  Diabetes mellitus

1.163 (0.825–1.639)

0.388

  

  Hypertension

0.826 (0.437–1.562)

0.555

  

  CVD

1.656 (0.396–6.924)

0.490

  

  Stroke

0.830 (0.194–3.542)

0.801

  

  ESRD

1.462 (0.445–4.808)

0.532

  

  COPD

0.495 (0.145–1.683)

0.260

  

Use of NSAID or aspirin

1.381 (0.765–2.493)

0.284

  

Smoking

1.040 (0.739–1.465)

0.820

  

Active alcoholism

1.453 (0.771–2.739)

0.248

  

WBC (109/l)

1

0.737

  

Hb (g/dl)

0.941 (0.809–1.095)

0.431

  

PLT (109/l)

0.997 (0.992–1.002)

0.211

  

PT (second)

1.355 (0.823–2.232)

0.232

  

Creatinine (mg/dl)

1.003 (0.857–1.174)

0.972

  

Albumin (g/l)

0.906 (0.555–1.479)

0.692

  

Total bilirubin

1.056 (1.004–1.111)

0.033

0.987 (0.916–1.063)

0.731

Blood units transfused

0.989 (0.961–1.018)

0.468

  

Hypovolemic shock on admission

1.184 (0.420–3.341)

0.750

  

High risk bleeding stigmata at ulcer base

1.103 (0.407–2.989)

0.848

  

Time (h), bleeding to endoscopic treatment

0.972 (0.936–1.010)

0.143

  

Combined treatment of endoscopic hemostasis

0.966 (0.485–1.926)

0.922

  

Bacterial infection

1.770 (0.945–3.318)

0.075

  

Recurrent bleeding

2.412 (1.292–4.501)

0.006

2.796 (1.473–5.306)

0.002

Antibiotic prophylaxis

0.582 (0.293–1.151)

0.121

  
  1. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, Cardiovascular disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; WBC, white blood cells; Hb, hemoglobin; PLT, platelet count; PT, prothrombin time