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Table 1 Definitions of biliary obstruction in the future liver remnant

From: Preoperative endoscopic versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in potentially resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (DRAINAGE trial): design and rationale of a randomized controlled trial

Patient type

Definition of inadequate biliary drainage

Drainage naïve

Serum Bilirubin >50 μmol/L.

Drainage non-naïve

Persistently rising total bilirubin level above 50 μmol/L (i.e. no stent placed or insufficient draining stent).

Persistent biliary dilatation in the FLR on imaging (i.e. previous stent placed in contralateral side of liver).

  1. Patients are ‘drainage non-naïve’ if they underwent previous (attempted) EBD before referral to one of the enrolling centers.