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Table 1 First trimester fetal and maternal adverse events (wk 1–12)

From: Does lower gastrointestinal endoscopy during pregnancy pose a risk for mother and child? – a systematic review

Indication

N

Maternal adverse events

Pregnancy outcome

Spontaneous abortion

Other fetal adverse events

Temporal relation with endoscopy?

Etiological relation with endoscopy?

Sigmoidoscopy

IBD & colitis other [11-16]

6

None

Live birth (n = 6)

No (n = 6)

3 premature births (34, 28 and 25.5 wks)

No

No

Malignancy [17,18]

3 (in 2 pts)

None

Elective abortion (n = 2)

No (n = 2)

Elective abortion (unwanted pregnancies)

Yes (n = 2)

No

Volvulus and incarcerated uterus [19]

1

None

No pregnancy losses

No (n = 1)

Not reported

No

No

Non-malignant colonic obstruction

0

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gastrointestinal bleeding [20]

1

None

Incomplete abortion (n = 1)

Yes, incomplete abortion at 10.4 wks (n = 1)

-

Yes

Possible, abdominal pregnancy, laparotomy after sigmoidoscopy

Colonoscopy

IBD & colitis other [21-27]

12

None

Live births (n = 11), stillbirth (n = 1)

No (n = 12)

2 premature births (32 and 33 wks), 1 stillbirth (22 wks)

Unclear, paper fails to show which outcome belongs to which patient

No, authors do not link adverse events to endoscopy

Malignancy [28-32]

5

Maternal death (n = 1), none (n = 4)

Live birth (n = 5)

No (n = 5)

3 premature births (33, 33.6 and 34 wks)

No

No

Volvulus and incarcerated uterus

0

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-malignant colonic obstruction [33]

1

None

Live birth (n = 1)

No (n = 1)

None

No

No

Gastrointestinal bleeding [34,35]

3 (in 2 pts)

None

Live birth (n = 2)

No (n = 2)

None

No

No

Total

32

  1. IBD = Inflammatory Bowel Disease.