Table 4 Intestinal parameters in the control group (CON group) and high-fat diet fed group (OB group)

Villi height (μm)

307.1 ± 4.9

353.9 ± 4.3***^b

267.9 ± 4.1

311.4 ± 2.6***^b

199.8 ± 2.5

169.7 ± 1.5***^b

Crypts depth (μm)

90.6 ± 0.9

95.4 ± 1.3^b

89.0 ± 0.8

87.2 ± 0.8*^b

90.2 ± 0.9

67.6 ± 0.6***^a

Muscular layer (μm)

37.7 ± 0.5

42.0 ± 0.5***^b

35.3 ± 0.4

35.7 ± 0.3^a

50.9 ± 0.6

41.6 ± 0.4***^b

Total wall (μm)

438.1 ± 5.8

486.9 ± 6.5***^b

404.2 ± 4.9

421.6 ± 3.5**^a

355.7 ± 4.3

299.1 ± 2.1***^b

Cell proliferation (%)

15.9 ± 0.5

16.6 ± 1.6^a

15.6 ± 1.0

13.0 ± 1.7^a

15.4 ± 0.5

15.1 ± 1.2^a

Enteroendocrine cells (%)

0.5 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1^a

0.5 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1^a

0.4 ± 0.05

0.6 ± 0.03*^a

Goblet cells (%)

5.1 ± 0.3

5.0 ± 0.4^a

6.2 ± 0.6

7.4 ± 0.4^a

17.0 ± 0.8

14.0 ± 0.4**^a

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (%)

6.5 ± 0.1

6.1 ± 0.1**^a

7.9 ± 0.1

6.6 ± 0.1***^a

11.0 ± 0.1

7.3 ± 0.3***^a