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Table 4 Frequency of intestinal infection in relation to recalled diarrhoea

From: Susceptibility to intestinal infection and diarrhoea in Zambian adults in relation to HIV status and CD4 count

Organism

Frequency (%) in months when diarrhoea reported

n = 408

Frequency (%) in months when diarrhoea not reported

n = 3790

P

Cryptosporidium parvum

11 (2.7)

38 (1.0)

0.006

Isospora belli

7 (1.7)

13 (0.3)

0.002

Microsporidia

3 (0.7)

5 (0.1)

0.035

Giardia intestinalis

7 (1.7)

47 (1.2)

ns

Blastocystis hominis

31 (7.6)

249 (6.6)

ns

Entamoeba histolytica

0

13 (0.3)

ns

Iodamoeba butschlii

13 (3.2)

142 (3.8)

ns

Entamoeba hartmanii

4 (1.0)

53 (1.4)

ns

Chilomastix mesnili

30 (7.3)

250 (6.6)

ns

Ascaris lumbricoides

68 (16.7)

585 (15.4)

ns

Hookworm

14 (3.4)

108 (2.9)

ns

Strongyloides stercoralis

1 (0.3)

12 (0.3)

ns

Schistosoma mansoni

2 (0.5)

16 (0.4)

ns

Endolimax nana

31 (7.6)

291 (7.7)

ns

Hymenolepis nana

1 (0.3)

23 (0.6)

ns

Trichuris trichiura

0

6 (0.2)

ns

Taenia saginata

0

8 (0.2)

ns

Salmonella spp.

5 (1.3)

46 (1.3)

ns

Shigella spp.

2 (0.5)

12 (0.3)

ns

Aeromonas hydrophila

3 (0.8)

13 (0.4)

ns

Citrobacter rodentium

86 (23.1)

786 (22.5)

ns

Vibrio cholerae

2 (0.5)

3 (0.1)

0.08

  1. Frequency of detection of protozoa, helminths and bacteria in stool samples submitted by study participants each month. Months of observation were categorised as with or without diarrhoea based on recall of symptoms every two weeks. P determined by Fisher's exact test. ns, not significant.