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Table 2 Univariate analysis of factors influencing overall 21-day survival (n = 48).

From: Outcomes and factors influencing survival in cirrhotic cases with spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter study

50% Survival time: 21 days

Patients who died within 21 days

Patients who survived longer than 21 days

p – value

Patients (n)

24

24

 

Age

70.8 ± 8.2

67.8 ± 7.9

NS

Sex (n, %)

   

   Male

19 (79%)

17 (71%)

NS

   Female

5 (21%)

7 (29%)

 

Etiology of LC (n, %)

   

   HCV

16 (67%)

16 (67%)

 

   HBV

3 (13%)

1 (4%)

NS

   Alcohol

3 (13%)

2 (7%)

 

   NonB-nonC

2 (7%)

5 (22%)

 

Past history of HCC treatment (n, %)

   

   presence

19 (79%)

17 (71%)

NS

   absence

5 (21%)

7 (29%)

 

Admission duration for the treatment of HCC

3.4 ± 3.0

2.6 ± 2.7

NS

Months from first treatment of HCC

31.6 ± 28.0

30.5 ± 37.4

NS

Shock (n, %)

   

   presence

15 (62%)

7 (29%)

p = 0.0205

   absence

9 (38%)

17 (71%)

 

Albumin (g/dL)

3.0 ± 0.4

3.4 ± 0.4

p = 0.0008

Total bilirubin (mg/dL)

2.2 ± 1.0

1.5 ± 0.6

p = 0.0052

PT (INR)

1.24 ± 0.12

1.27 ± 0.15

NS

ICG at 15 min

35.6 ± 12.1

30.6 ± 14.0

NS

AFP (ng/mL)

92400

25926

NS

PIVKA-II (mAU/mL)

35513

43666

NS

Ascites (n, %)

   

   presence

12 (50%)

13 (54%)

NS

   absence

12 (50%)

11 (46%)

 

Hepatic encephalopathy (n, %)

   

   presence

16 (67%)

9 (38%)

p = 0.0431

   absence

8 (33%)

15 (62%)

 

AST (IU/L)

127 ± 86

76 ± 45

p = 0.0142

ALT (IU/L)

61 ± 42

44 ± 23

NS

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

11.1 ± 2.1

11.8 ± 1.7

NS

Platelet count (× 104)

12.9 ± 5.5

16.9 ± 9.2

NS

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.99 ± 0.40

1.06 ± 0.85

NS

Child-Pugh classification (n, %)

   

   A

2 (8%)

10 (42%)

 

   B

10 (42%)

8 (33%)

p = 0.0229

   C

12 (50%)

6 (25%)

 

Child-Pugh score

9.2 ± 1.8

7.6 ± 2.0

p = 0.0074

Number of tumors (n, %)

   

   single

1 (4%)

5 (21%)

NS

   multiple

23 (96%)

19 (79%)

 

Maximum tumor size (cm)

7.2 ± 3.5

7.7 ± 3.5

NS

Maximum tumor size (n, %)

   

   ≤ 7 cm

13 (54%)

9 (38%)

NS

   > 7 cm

11 (46%)

15 (62%)

 

Portal vein tumor thrombosis

   

   presence

12 (50%)

12 (50%)

NS

   absence

12 (50%)

12 (50%)

 

Clinical stage

   

   II

0 (0%)

1 (4%)

 

   III

11 (46%)

11 (46%)

NS

   IVA

8 (33%)

7 (29%)

 

   IVB

5 (21%)

5 (21%)

 

Performing TAE

   

   Performed

1 (4%)

15 (62%)

p < 0.0001

   Not performed

23 (96%)

9 (38%)

 
  1. Abbreviations: LC, liver cirrhosis: HCV, hepatitis C virus: HBV, hepatitis B virus: HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma: PT (INR), prothrombin time (international ratio): ICG, indocyanine green: AFP, alpha-fetoprotein: PIVKA-II, protein induced vitamin K absence-II: AST, aspartate aminotransferase: ALT, alanine aminotransferase: TAE, transcatheter arterial embolization: NS, not significant.
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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