Type and etiology of liver cirrhosis are not related to the presence of hepatic encephalopathy or health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics in patients with and without diabetes mellitus

	With Diabetes (n = 47)	Without Diabetes (n = 109)	p-value
Age	58 (12)	54 (11)	0.055
Female/Male	8/39 (17%/83%)	34/75 (31%/69%)	0.07
Outpatients/inpatients	41/6 (87%/13%)	88/21 (81%/19%)	0.325
Previous variceal bleeding	11 (23%)	34 (32%)	0.309
Esophageal and/or fundic varices	30 (77%)	82 (79%)	0.804
Ascites	19 (40%)	45 (41%)	0.920
Hepatocellular carcinoma	11 (23%)	12 (11%)	0.045
Number connection test A
Mean (SD) (sec)	73 (62)	53 (33)	0.012
Above 3 SD^a	9 (19%)	11 (10%)	0.122
Number Connection test B
Mean (SD) (sec)	164 (93)	132 (72)	0.035
Above 3 SD^a	10 (21%)	20 (18%)	0.726
Overt hepatic encephalopathy	14 (30%)	22 (20%)	0.202
(West-Haven)^b
Grade I	12 (25.5%)	21 (19%)
Grade II	2 (4.5%)	1 (1%)
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy^c	3 (6%)	8 (7%)	0.83
Hepatic encephalopathy	17 (36%)	30 (27%)	0.274
(minimal or overt)
Fasting plasma ammonium ion (μmol/l)	60 (37)	55 (34)	0.433
MELD score	13.7 (6.5)	13.9 (5.8)	0.895
Child-Pugh score	8.6 (2.2)	8.7 (2.4)	0.883

Data are presented as mean (SD) or n (%) as appropriate
^a Compared to age-corrected normal values from the general population
^b Overt hepatic encephalopathy according to West-Haven criteria: none with grade III or IV
^c Defined as absence of overt hepatic encephalopathy and number connection test A > 3SD and/or number connection test B > 3SD

ISSN: 1471-230X