Table 3 Summary of the results of the review
Difference between GERD and non GERD group | Sensitivity | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of studies | Relation1 | Level of evidence2 | Number of studies | Range | median | |
GERD symptoms | ||||||
Vomiting | 5 | yes | A | 8 | 22–100 | 57 |
Rumination | 3 | yes | A | 3 | 31–40 | 32 |
Regurgitation | 4 | no | A | 5 | 29–46 | 32 |
Food refusal | 3 | no | A | 4 | 29–49 | 38 |
Hematemesis | 6 | yes | A | 8 | 4–41 | 17 |
Iron deficiency anemia | 3 | no | A | 4 | 11–35 | 17 |
(Recurrent) pneumonia | 3 | no | A | 4 | 16–52 | 25 |
COPD, bronchitis, asthma) | 1 | no | C | 3 | 11–36 | 33 |
Respiratory symptoms | 1 | no | C | 1 | - | 44 |
Stridor | 1 | no | C | 1 | - | 24 |
Wheezing | 1 | Yes | C | 1 | - | 43 |
Failure to thrive | 3 | +/-1 | B | 5 | 7–92 | 40 |
Adiposity | 1 | No | B | 1 | - | 18 |
Dental erosion | 2 | Yes | A | 2 | 59–75 | 67 |
Behavioral symptoms | ||||||
Behavior problems | 2 | no | A | 2 | 47–48 | 48 |
Automutilation | 2 | no | A | 3 | 19–29 | 23 |
Aggression | 2 | no | A | 2 | 19–23 | 21 |
Fear | 1 | no | A | 1 | - | 11 |
Episodes of screaming | 2 | no | A | 2 | 23–24 | 24 |
Depression | 1 | yes | A | 1 | - | 17 |
Restlessness | 2 | no | A | 2 | 19–23 | 21 |
Pain/irritability | 2 | +/- | C | 3 | 34–52 | 44 |
Heartburn | 1 | no | C | 2 | 9–12 | 11 |
Changed behavior | 1 | yes | B | 1 | - | 70 |
Predisposing factors | ||||||
Nonambulance | 4 | no | A | 4 | 44–58 | 52 |
Scoliosis | 4 | no | A | 4 | 31–50 | 49 |
Cerebral Palsy | 5 | yes | A | 5 | 46–70 | 61 |
Use of anticonvulsive therapy | 4 | yes | A | 4 | 46–72 | 63 |
Central Nervous System Disease | 1 | yes | A | 1 | - | 45 |
IQ < 35 | 3 | yes | A | 3 | 80–88 | 82 |
Other factors | ||||||
Sex (males) | 3 | no | A | 3 | 56–60 | 58 |
Down's syndrome | 2 | no | A | 2 | 11–13 | 12 |
Constipation | 4 | no | A | 4 | 46–65 | 60 |
Melena | 1 | no | C | 1 | - | 4 |
Nasogastric feeding | 2 | no | A | 2 | 4–7 | 6 |
Gastrostomy feeding | 2 | +/- | A | 2 | 11–16 | 14 |