Table 1 Transcription factors and differentiation markers used in this study
Antigen | Description | Expression Pattern | Antibody Source | Catalogue No. | Conc. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p63 | Transcription factor essential for squamous epithelium | Nuclei of basal and parabasal squamous cells | Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA) | sc-8431 (mouse mAb) | 0.2 μg/ml |
Sox2 (SRY-related HMG box gene 2) | Transcription factor essential for upper gastrointestinal epithelium | Nuclei of epithelial cells in oral cavity, esophagus and stomach | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | sc-17320 (goat pAb) | 4 μg/ml |
CK14 (cytokeratin 14) | Squamous differentiation marker | Cytoplasm of basal squamous cells | Novocastra Laboratories Ltd. (Newcastle upon Tyne, UK) | NCL-LL002 (mouse mAb) | 1:40 |
CK4 (cytokeratin 4) | Squamous differentiation marker | Cytoplasm of parabasal squamous cells | Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) | C5176 (mouse mAb) | 1:500 |
Cdx2 (caudal-related homeobox 2) | Intestinal transcription factor | Nuclei (and occasionally cytoplasm) of columnar and goblet cells | BioGenex (San Ramon, CA) | MU392-UC (mouse mAb) | 1:50 |
GATA4 (GATA-binding protein 4) | Intestinal transcription factor | Nuclei of columnar and goblet cells | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | sc-1237 (goat pAb) | 0.25 μg/ml |
HNF1α (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α) | Intestinal transcription factor | Nuclei of columnar and goblet cells | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | sc-6547 (goat pAb) | 0.4 μg/ml |
Villin | Intestinal differentiation marker | Cytoplasm of columnar and goblet cells | NeoMarkers (Fremont, CA) | MS-1499 (mouse mAb) | 5 μg/ml |
Muc2 (mucin 2) | Intestinal differentiation marker | Cytoplasm of goblet cells | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | sc-15334 (rabbit pAb) | 1:500 |