Nutritional status, growth and disease management in children with single and dual diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus and coeliac disease

Table 2 Nutritional status and growth of children with coeliac disease (CD), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and dual diagnosis (T1DM + CD)

Mean ± SD*	Condition	CDx-2 yrs	CDx-1 yrs	CDx	CDx + 1 yr	CDx + 2 yrs
BMI z-score, (SD)	T1DM + CD	0.14 ± 0.95²	0.14 ± 0.90	−0.03 ± 1.01	−0.04 ± 0.99	0.07 ± 1.02
	CD	n/a	n/a	0.09 ± 1.09	0.13 ± 1.23	0.27 ± 1.18
	T1DM	0.49 ± 1.02	0.26 ± 0.95	0.39 ± 0.92	0.37 ± 0.9	0.27 ± 0.92
BMI classification, *Th/N/Ob* (n)	T1DM + CD	0/23/0	0/23/0	1/21/0	1/22/0	1/17/0
	CD	n/a	n/a	1/21/1	0/21/1	1/13/3
	T1DM	0/40/3	0/43/1	0/43/1	0/41/1	0/38/1
Height z-score, (SD)	T1DM + CD	−0.44 ± 1.38	−0.36 ± 1.26	−0.26 ± 1.21	−0.32 ± 1.10	−0.38 ± 1.61
	CD	n/a	n/a	−0.72 ± 0.97¹	−0.63 ± 1.19¹	−0.32 ± 0.76¹
	T1DM	−0.11 ± 0.78	0.03 ± 0.72	0.05 ± 0.77	−0.05 ± 0.72	0.07 ± 0.69
Height classification *Short/Normal* (n)	T1DM + CD	2/21	2/20	2/21	2/21	3/15
	CD	n/a	n/a	3/20	1/21	0/16
	T1DM	0/43	0/44	0/44	0/44	0/39
Weight z-score, (SD)	T1DM + CD	−0.21 ± 1.30	−0.12 ± 1.26	−0.19 ± 1.26	−0.2 ± 1.04	−0.15 ± 1.48
	CD	n/a	n/a	−0.31 + 0.83	−0.22 ± 0.89	0.06 ± 1.02
	T1DM	0.33 ± 0.85	0.26 ± 0.83¹	0.36 ± 0.85¹	0.30 + 0.85¹	0.29 ± 0.81¹

Coeliac Disease (CD), Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), CDx: Coeliac Disease diagnosis; CDx + 1: One year post Coeliac Disease diagnosis; CDx + 2: Two years post Coeliac Disease diagnosis; CDx-1: One year prior Coeliac Disease diagnosis; CDx-2y: Two years prior Coeliac Disease diagnosis; HbA1c: Glycated haemoglobin A1c; tTG: Tissue Transglutaminase; BMI: Body mass index; Th/N/Ob: number of thin/normal BMI/obese participants; ¹p < 0.05 to UK 1990 reference data; ²p < 0.001 between CDx and each time points; *unless otherwise is specified; n/a: data for CD were not available prior to disease diagnosis.

ISSN: 1471-230X