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Table 2 Risk of coeliac disease in offspring (follow-up from birth) according to antibiotic exposure in pregnancy

From: Antibiotic exposure in pregnancy and risk of coeliac disease in offspring: a cohort study

 

Antibiotics (%)

No Antibiotics (%)

Crude HR; 95% CI

Adjusted HR; 95% CIA

Adjusted HR; 95% CIB

All

12/1836 (0.7)

34/6893 (0.5)

1.33; 0.69-2.56

1.32; 0.69-2.56

1.28; 0.66-2.48

Sex

     

Boys

4/932 (0.4)

12/3551 (0.3)

1.27; 0.41-3.94

1.28; 0.41-3.96

1.37; 0.44-4.27

Girls

8/904 (0.9)

22/3342 (0.7)

1.35; 0.60-3.02

1.36; 0.60-3.05

1.21; 0.53-2.73

Subgroups

     

No heredityC

9/1753 (0.5)

28/6660 (0.4)

1.22; 0.58-2.59

1.22; 0.58-2.59

1.16; 0.55-2.47

Term deliveriesD

12/1739 (0.7)

32/6531 (0.5)

1.41; 0.73-2.74

1.41; 0.73-2.74

1.37; 0.70-2.66

Vaginal delivery

10/1584 (0.6)

30/6063 (0.5)

1.28; 0.63-2.61

1.28; 0.63-2.62

1.25; 0.61-2.56

  1. AIn Model A we adjusted for duration of breastfeeding and age at gluten introduction. Children with complete data on breastfeeding and gluten introduction were included in the analyses (n varied between 7647 and 8729).
  2. BIn Model B we adjusted for any parent-reported infection during the child’s first year of life, maternal education level as well as duration of breastfeeding and age at gluten introduction. Children with complete data on breastfeeding, gluten introduction as well as education level were included in the analyses (n varied between 7622 and 8698).
  3. CExcluding individuals with a first-degree relative with celiac disease (n = 105), type 1 diabetes mellitus (n = 202) or both celiac disease and type 1 diabetes (n = 9).
  4. DFull-term, ≥37 gestational weeks.
  5. Hazard ratios (HR) estimated through Cox regression. Follow-up from birth.
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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