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Figure 5 | BMC Gastroenterology

Figure 5

From: Hyperammonia induces specific liver injury through an intrinsic Ca2+-independent apoptosis pathway

Figure 5

Effect of NH 4 Cl on the expressions of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-3, Bcl-2, Cyt C, calmodulin, and iNOS. Ammonia-induced apoptosis of liver cells was accompanied by increased levels of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-3 and Cyt C and a decreased level of bcl-2 (A), and these phenomena were clearly observed after treating with NH4Cl for 48 h. To clarify the mechanism of the apoptosis, the protein levels of calmodulin and iNOS (B) were detected by western blotting analyses and all of these levels were increased. For all experiments, each value indicates the mean ± SEM normalized by the control for each time point and concentration. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.

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