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Table 3 Association between moderate to severe GERD symptoms and intake of certain food items, comparing patients with moderate to severe symptoms to GERD-free population controls

From: Dietary guideline adherence for gastroesophageal reflux disease

Severity

Moderate to severe GERD symptoms

 

N

OR1

95% CI

 

Case

Control

   

Softdrinks2

     

 None

70

86

1.0 (ref)

  

 >1/week

84

57

1.86

1.16

2.97

Coffee3

     

 None

92

55

1.0 (ref)

  

 2+/day

72

44

0.89

0.52

1.51

Tea4

     

 None

44

61

1.0 (ref)

  

 1+/day

51

41

1.86

1.02

3.40

Alcohol5

     

 None

116

57

1.0 (ref)

  

 <1 drink/day

74

70

0.56

0.35

0.90

 1+ drink/day

48

70

0.83

0.46

1.48

Wine

     

 None

72

86

1.0 (ref)

  

 1 + glass/day

49

94

0.74

0.45

1.23

Beer

     

 None

53

99

1.0 (ref)

  

 1 + drink/day

29

101

0.54

0.31

0.96

Liquor

     

 None

31

126

1.0 (ref)

  

 1 + shot/day

36

99

1.50

0.85

2.66

Citrus

     

 <2servings/week

106

125

1.0 (ref)

  

 2+/week

59

133

0.62

0.41

0.94

Tomatoes

     

 None

55

176

1.0 (ref)

  

 1+/week

48

144

1.10

0.70

1.75

Fried foods

     

 <1serving/week

42

189

1.0 (ref)

  

 1+

49

143

1.52

0.94

2.45

Total fat

     

 1st Tertile (<57 g/day)

67

88

1.0 (ref)

  

 2nd Tertile

50

76

1.67

1.03

2.71

 3rd T >90 g/day

66

52

1.77

1.07

2.93

Portion size

     

 <20% large portion

58

83

1.0 (ref)

  

 40 +%

55

56

1.30

0.78

2.19

  1. 1Models are adjusted for smoking and education.
  2. 2Not including diet soda.
  3. 3Includes both caffeinated and decaffeinated types.
  4. 4Excludes herbal tea.
  5. 5Excludes individuals who are occasional drinkers (more than once a year but less than one drink/week).