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Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: Risk score to predict gastrointestinal bleeding after acute ischemic stroke

 

Derivation cohort

Internal validation cohort

P1value*

External validation cohort

P2value*

 

(n = 8,820)

(n = 5,882)

 

(n = 2,938)

 

Demographics

     

 Age, y, median (IQR)

66 (56-74)

66 (57-75)

0.11

64 (55-72)

<0.001

 Gender (male), n (%)

5430 (61.6)

3675 (62.5)

0.27

1927 (65.5)

<0.001

Vascular risk factor, n (%)

     

 Hypertension

5601 (63.5)

3683 (62.6)

0.27

1987 (67.6)

<0.001

 Diabetes mellitus

1834 (20.8)

1287 (21.9)

0.11

720 (24.5)

<0.001

 Dyslipidemia

947 (10.7)

637 (10.8)

0.86

386 (13.1)

<0.001

 Atrial fibrillation

643 (7.3)

415 (7.1)

0.60

175 (6.0)

0.01

 Coronary artery disease

1222 (13.9)

811 (13.8)

0.91

285 (9.7)

<0.001

 Peripheral artery disease

64 (0.7)

29 (0.5)

0.08

26 (0.9)

0.39

 History of stroke/TIA

2795 (31.7)

1822 (31.0)

0.36

809 (27.5)

<0.001

 Smoking

3510 (39.8)

2326 (39.5)

0.70

1022 (34.8)

<0.001

 Heavy alcohol consumption

1346 (15.3)

921 (15.7)

0.55

372 (12.7)

<0.001

Others coexistent condition, n (%)

     

 Congestive heart failure

169 (1.9)

121 (2.1)

0.55

24 (0.8)

<0.001

 Valvular heart disease

213 (2.4)

139 (2.4)

0.83

40 (1.4)

0.001

 COPD

98 (1.1)

64 (1.1)

0.88

12 (0.4)

0.001

 Hepatic cirrhosis

29 (0.3)

21 (0.4)

0.78

7 (0.2)

0.44

 Peptic ulcer or previous GIB

283 (3.2)

195 (3.3)

0.72

76 (2.6)

0.09

 Renal failure

7 (0.1)

4 (0.1)

0.80

3 (0.1)

0.71

 Arthritis

266 (3.0)

176 (3.0)

0.27

45 (1.5)

<0.001

 Dementia

113 (1.3)

82 (1.4)

0.57

18 (0.6)

0.003

 Cancer

150 (1.7)

109 (1.9)

0.51

54 (1.8)

0.62

Pre-stroke dependence (mRS ≥3), n (%)

809 (9.2)

535 (9.1)

0.87

0 (0.0)

<0.001

Pre-admission antiplatelet therapy, n (%)

1449 (16.4)

932 (15.8)

0.35

357 (12.2)

<0.001

Pre-admission anticoagulation therapy, n (%)

210 (2.4)

122 (2.1)

0.22

26 (0.9)

<0.001

Admission NIHSS score, median (IQR)

5 (2-9)

5 (2-9)

0.68

4 (2-8)

0.02

Admission GCS score, median (IQR)

15 (14-15)

15 (14-15)

0.36

15 (15-15)

0.18

Admission SBP (mmHg), median (IQR)

150 (134-163)

150 (135-162)

0.88

150 (135-167)

0.22

Admission DBP (mmHg), median (IQR)

89 (80-95)

89 (80-95)

0.98

90 (80-98)

0.11

OCSP subtype, n (%)

  

0.22

 

<0.001

 Partial anterior circulation infarct (PACI)

4834 (54.8)

3327 (56.6)

 

1829 (62.3)

 

 Total anterior circulation infarct (TACI)

811 (9.2)

519 (8.8)

 

176 (6.0)

 

 Lacunar infarction (LACI)

1667 (18.9)

1074 (18.3)

 

246 (8.4)

 

 Posterior circulation infarct (POCI)

1508 (17.1)

962 (18.4)

 

687 (23.4)

 

Intravenous t-PA within 3 h after onset, n (%)

108 (1.2)

73 (1.2)

0.93

137 (4.6)

<0.001

Antithrombotic therapy on admission, n (%)

7371 (83.6)

4950 (84.2)

0.35

2550 (86.8)

<0.001

Anticoagulation therapy on admission, n (%)

210 (2.4)

122 (2.1)

0.24

159 (5.4)

<0.001

Length of hospital stay (days), median (IQR)

14 (10-20)

14 (10-20)

0.96

14 (11-18)

0.15

In-hospital GIB, n (%)

227 (2.6)

135 (2.3)

0.29

44 (1.5)

0.001

  1. *P1 denotes the P value comparing the derivation and internal validation cohorts; P2 denotes the P value comparing the derivation and external validation cohorts.
  2. Abbreviations: IQR interquartile range, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mRS modified Rankin Scale, NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, OCSP Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project, t-PA tissue plasminogen activator.
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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