Clinical characteristics of elderly patients with proton pump inhibitor-refractory non-erosive reflux disease from the G-PRIDE study who responded to rikkunshito

Table 3 Improvement degrees of GSRS after 8-week treatments of RKT or placebo

	RKT group	PL group	P	Subscale domain
(Questions)
GSRS01 (abdominal pain)	0.5 ± 1.4	0.7 ± 1.7	0.425	Abdominal pain
GSRS02 (heartburn)	1.4 ± 1.4	0.8 ± 1.8	0.240	Reflux syndrome
GSRS03 (acid regurgitation)	1.4 ± 1.9*	0.6 ± 1.6	0.038	Reflux syndrome
GSRS04 (hunger pains)	0.6 ± 1.2	0.6 ± 1.4	0.785	Abdominal pain
GSRS05 (nausea)	0.8 ± 1.6	0.1 ± 1.5	0.062	Abdominal pain
GSRS06 (borborygmus)	0.6 ± 1.4	0.5 ± 1.4	0.944	Indigestion syndrome
GSRS07 (abdominal distension)	1.0 ± 2.0*	0.2 ± 1.8	0.038	Indigestion syndrome
GSRS08 (eructation)	1.0 ± 1.4	0.3 ± 1.9	0.197	Indigestion syndrome
GSRS09 (increased flatus)	0.8 ± 1.4	0.6 ± 1.8	0.524	Indigestion syndrome
GSRS10 (constipation)	0.8 ± 1.6*	0.2 ± 1.4	0.034	Constipation syndrome
GSRS11 (diarrhea)	0.5 ± 1.5	0.6 ± 1.4	0.661	Diarrhea syndrome
GSRS12 (loose stools)	0.3 ± 1.5	0.6 ± 1.5	0.260	Diarrhea syndrome
GSRS13 (hard stools)	0.6 ± 1.5	0.4 ± 1.5	0.479	Constipation syndrome
GSRS14 (urgent need for defecation)	0.6 ± 1.4	0.4 ± 1.5	0.339	Diarrhea syndrome
GSRS15 (feeling of incomplete evacuation)	0.5 ± 1.4	0.4 ± 1.5	0.518	Constipation syndrome
(Subscale score)
Abdominal pain	0.6 ± 1.0	0.5 ± 1.3	0.538
Reflux syndrome	1.4 ± 1.5	0.7 ± 1.6	0.064
Indigestion syndrome	0.8 ± 1.2	0.4 ± 1.4	0.211
Constipation syndrome	0.6 ± 1.2	0.3 ± 1.3	0.094
Diarrhea syndrome	0.5 ± 1.3	0.5 ± 1.3	0.677
Overall score	0.8 ± 0.9	0.5 ± 1.1	0.113

GSRS, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale; the 15 GSRS items are divided into the following 5 scales: abdominal pain (abdominal pain, hunger pain, and nausea), reflux syndrome (heartburn and acid regurgitation), diarrhea syndrome (diarrhea, loose stools, and urgent need for defecation), indigestion syndrome (borborygmus, abdominal distension, eructation, and increased flatus), and constipation syndrome (constipation, hard stools, and a feeling of incomplete evacuation). Values were expressed as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, significant difference between each paired group (Wilcoxon’s signed rank test).

ISSN: 1471-230X