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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the included studies

From: Physical activity is associated with reduced risk of esophageal cancer, particularly esophageal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

First Author, Year of Publication

Study Setting; Location

Time Period; Follow-up

Total no. of participants

No. of esophageal cancer cases (EAC/ESCC)

Physical activity domain

Physical activity measurement; valid/reliable

Outcome measurement

Variables adjusted for

Cohort Studies

Huerta, 2010 [15]

Popula`tion-based; Europe (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition); 25-70y old men and women

Recruitment: 1992–2000; F/U: 8.8y

420,449

Total: 85

Recreational + Occupational (separate also)

Self-administered questionnaire; Yes

Central Cancer Registries; health insurance records, cancer and pathology hospital registries, active follow-up

1,2,3,5,6,7,8

EAC: 85

ESCC: NA

Leitzmann, 2009 [16]

Population-based; USA (NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study); 50-71y old men and women

Recruitment: 1995–1996; F/U: 8y

487,732

Total: 523

Recreational

Self-administered questionnaire; Yes

Central Cancer Registry

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

EAC: 149

ESCC: 374

Wannamethee, 2001 [23]

Population-based; England (British Regional Heart Study); 40–59 y old men

Recruitment: 1978–1980; F/U 18.8y

7,588

Total: 65

Recreational

Self-administered questionnaire; Yes

Central Cancer Registry, death certificates, postal follow-up

1,2,3,5,6,9

EAC: NR

ESCC: NR

Yun, 2008 [24]

Population-based; Korea (National Health Examination Program); >40y old men

Recruitment: 1996; F/U 6y

444,963

Total: 293

Recreational

Self-administered questionnaire; Yes

Central Cancer registry

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10

EAC: NR

    

ESCC: NR

    

Case–control Studies

Balbuena, 2008 [26]

Hospital-based; Canada

2002-2004

327

Total: 57

NR

NR

NR

NR

EAC: 57

ESCC: NA

Brownson, 1991 [25]

Cancer Registry; USA; >20y men

1984-1989

17,147 (all cancerpatients)

Total: 237

Occupational

Job-title based; No

Central Cancer Registry

1,2,3,5

EAC: NR

ESCC: NR

Etemadi, 2012 [27]

Hospital-based; Iran

2003-2007

871

Total: 300

Occupational

Self-administered questionnaire; No

Gastroenterology Clinic, based on histological validation

1,2,5,8,9

EAC: NA

ESCC: 300

Parent, 2010 [13]

Population-based; Canada; 35-70y old men

1979-1985

784

Total: 99

Recreational + Occupational (separate also)

Interviewer-administered questionnaire; No

Central Cancer Registry, with independent validation

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9

EAC: NR

ESCC: NR

Vigen, 2006 [14]

Population-based; USA; 30-74y old men and women

1992-1997

1,983

Total: 212

Occupational

Job-title based; No

Central Cancer Surveillance Program

1,2,3,4,5,9

EAC: 212

ESCC: NA

Dar 2013* [28]

Hospital-based; India

2008-2012

2,367

Total: 703

Occupational

Job-title based; No

Hospital oncology clinic, based on histological validation

1,2,4,5,6,7,9

EAC: NA

    

ESCC: 703

    
  1. *additional study identified during the peer review process with an updated search (1-Age, 2-Sex, 3-Obesity (BMI, Weight), 4-Race/Ethnicity, 5- Smoking, 6-Alcohol, 7-Dietary factors, 8-Family history of esophageal cancer, 9-Education and Socioeconomic status, 10-Diabetes) [Abbreviations: EAC-Esophageal adenocarcinoma; ESCC-Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; F/U-Follow-up; NA-Not applicable; NR-Not reported].